Cardiopulmonary exercise testing before liver surgery.

Background: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) assessed "poorer" fitness correlates with poorer outcomes in blinded studies. Whether this correlation will persist when CPET is utilized to stratify care as part of a multi-modal enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program is unclear. This study examined whether CPET variables were associated with postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing hepatectomy within an ERAS program.

Empowerment and mentoring in nursing academia.

In 2011, there was an expected shortage of 200 full-time faculty. While there are an estimated 322 graduate students in Nurse Practitioner and Masters/PhD programs in Canada today, the supply of potential new faculty falls short of the anticipated demand in the years ahead (Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing). This mixed method study explored how organizational culture and the perceived level of psychological and structural empowerment are associated with one's work environment among Canadian nursing faculty and to explore the state of mentorship in schools of nursing.

A unitary transformative perspective on transformational leadership.

This is an introduction to Turkel's contemporary transformational leadership article.

Inclusive mosaic: promoting diversity in nursing through youth mentorship.

In this paper we describe the Inclusive Mosaic project, a community-university partnership in an outer-city community in a large Canadian metropolis aimed at promoting diversity in nursing. The project brought together nursing student mentors with middle school and high school youth from diverse backgrounds in a mentoring program aimed at increasing participants' interest in, and confidence in pursuing, higher education and a career in nursing or other health profession. The concepts of emancipatory education, self-efficacy, and possible selves provided the theoretical foundation.

Lived experiences of Ghanaian women with obstetric fistula.

Obstetric fistula is a worldwide problem that is devastating for women. This qualitative descriptive study explores the experiences of Ghanaian women who sustained obstetric fistula during childbirth. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 participants.

Type 2 diabetes in vulnerable populations: community healthcare providers' perspectives on health service needs and policy implications.

Objectives: To identify a) ways of enhancing health services for vulnerable populations with type 2 diabetes, taking into account the social determinants of health; and b) health and social policy approaches to reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes and improving its management.

Methods: Focus groups were held with 18 community healthcare providers at 3 community health centres in Toronto, Ontario.

Results: Community healthcare providers' perspectives were organized under 3 themes: a) the compounding effects of social factors on the health of people with diabetes; b) the need for responsive support at multiple levels; and c) barriers to change.

A legacy of leadership in nursing.

This introduces the guest author's column on perspectives on leadership developed through a career as a nurse leader. Parse's essentials of leadership: commitment to a vision, willingness to risk, and reverence for others, are noted in tributes from other leaders and followers, which point to the rich legacy of a distinguished career.

The lived experience of suffering: a parse research method study.

The purpose of this study was to enhance understanding about the lived experience of suffering. Parse's phenomenological-hermeneutic method was used to answer the research question: What is the structure of the lived experience of suffering? Participants were 12 elderly persons residing in two longterm care facilities. Data were collected through dialogical engagement.

Exploring the concept of listening.

The discussion in this column focuses on the idea of listening in theoretical literature and research literature in philosophy, education, medicine, and nursing. A significant gap in information on listening was revealed, pointing to the need for continued examination of this important concept.

Expanding nursing perspectives on loss and grieving.

This column seeks to contribute to the understanding of the concept of grieving a loss through capturing the indivisible, unpredictable, ever-changing nature of this universal human experience. Through the process of concept inventing the extant theoretical knowledge concerning grief and loss, classical literature, and the humanbecoming theory and research literature were considered, revealing the idea that grieving a loss is persistent but the meaning of the experience continually changes. Knowledge of the persistent, ever-changing nature of grieving a loss is important for nurses who use humanbecoming theory as a guide while abiding with those who grieve a loss.

Envisioning nursing in 2050 through the eyes of nurse theorists: Rosemarie Rizzo Parse and Martha E. Rogers.

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse and Rogerian scholar, Violet Malinski, on behalf of Martha E. Rogers, envision how their respective theoretical ideas will be expressed in 2050. Parse introduces several changes highlighting the idea of indivisible cocreation in the ontology of the humanbecoming school of thought and concomitant changes in the wording of its principles.