Publications by authors named "Pilhan Kim"

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are promising contrast agents for imaging-guided cancer therapies. However, challenges such as the requirement for a high alternating magnetic field (AMF), dosage limitations, and suboptimal imaging contrast have hindered their practical applications. First, the optimal doping ratio of Mn and Zn in MnZnFeO nanoparticles synthesized using a modified high-temperature thermal decomposition method (mHTTD) was determined.

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  • AIMP2-DX2 (DX2) is a variant of a protein linked to cancer, and reducing its levels can help stop tumor growth.
  • Researchers found that a compound called SDL01 enhances the interaction between DX2 and another protein, Siah1, promoting DX2's degradation.
  • SDL01 binds to a specific area on DX2, causing a change in its shape that strengthens its interaction with Siah1, showing that drug-induced changes can alter protein interactions.*
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Aims: To develop and validate an optimized intravital heart microimaging protocol using a suction-based tissue motion-stabilizing cardiac imaging window to facilitate real-time observation of dynamic cellular behaviours within cardiac tissue in live mouse models.

Methods And Results: Intravital heart imaging was conducted using dual-mode confocal and two-photon microscopy. Mice were anesthetized, intubated, and maintained at a stable body temperature during the procedure.

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  • - A new mouse model (STZ + HFD) mimicking the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been developed, showcasing stages from fatty liver to liver cancer.
  • - This model reflects hepatic transcriptomic features similar to those found in obese type 2 diabetes patients, allowing for better study of the disease's mechanisms and effects.
  • - Interventions such as dietary changes and tirzepatide treatment effectively reduce liver issues in this model, presenting potential avenues for treating MASLD in humans.
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The classically defined two retinal microglia layers are distributed in inner and outer plexiform layers. Although there are some reports that retinal microglia are also superficially located around the ganglion cell layer (GCL) in contact with the vitreous, there has been a lack of detailed descriptions and not fully understood yet. We visualized the microglial layers by using CX3CR1-GFP (C57BL6) transgenic mice with both healthy and disease conditions including NaIO3-induced retinal degeneration models and IRBP-induced auto-immune uveitis models.

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  • SUPPORT is a self-supervised learning method designed to effectively remove Poisson-Gaussian noise from voltage imaging data by leveraging the spatial and temporal relationships between pixel values.
  • The method utilizes a convolutional neural network that accounts for spatiotemporal dependencies, allowing it to denoise images even when adjacent frames lack useful predictive information.
  • Experimental results demonstrate that SUPPORT not only accurately denoises voltage imaging data but also preserves the essential dynamics of the imaged scene.
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  • - The development of fluorescent probes for mitochondria is common, but there's a need for less toxic options to better assess mitochondrial function.
  • - A new cyanine-based NIR fluorescent probe, called T2, selectively targets mitochondria and has low toxicity by influencing the redox balance inside cells.
  • - T2 also protects cortical neurons from cell death caused by oxidative stress, highlighting its potential as a safer imaging agent for mitochondria.
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The development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a crucial factor in the pathophysiology and prognosis of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Therefore, the detection of CNV is essential for establishing an appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan. Current ophthalmic imaging techniques, such as fundus fluorescent angiography and optical coherence tomography, have limitations in accurately visualizing CNV lesions and expressing CNV activity, owing to issues such as excessive dye leakage with pooling and the inability to provide functional information.

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Recognizing an individual and retrieving and updating the value information assigned to the individual are fundamental abilities for establishing social relationships. To understand the neural mechanisms underlying the association between social identity and reward value, we developed Go-NoGo social discrimination paradigms that required male subject mice to distinguish between familiar mice based on their individually unique characteristics and associate them with reward availability. We found that mice could discriminate individual conspecifics through a brief nose-to-nose investigation, and this ability depended on the dorsal hippocampus.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common renal diseases manifested by gradual loss of kidney function with no symptoms in the early stage. The underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of CKD with various causes such as high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, and kidney infection is not well understood. longitudinal repetitive cellular-level observation of the kidney of the CKD animal model can provide novel insights to diagnose and treat the CKD by visualizing the dynamically changing pathophysiology of CKD with its progression over time.

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Using improper wound care materials may cause impaired wound healing, which can involve scar formation and infection. Herein, we propose a facile method to fabricate a cell-alignment scaffold, which can effectively enhance cell growth and migration, leading to the reproduction of cellular arrangements and restoration of tissues. The principle is scratching a diamond lapping film that gives uniaxial nanotopography on substrates.

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Tumor progression is intimately associated with the vasculature, as tumor proliferation induces angiogenesis and tumor cells metastasize to distant organs via blood vessels. However, whether tumor invasion is associated with blood vessels remains unknown. As glioblastoma (GBM) is featured by aggressive invasion and vascular abnormalities, we characterized the onset of vascular remodeling in the diffuse tumor infiltrating zone by establishing new spontaneous GBM models with robust invasion capacity.

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The lymph node (LN) is the primary site of alloimmunity activation and regulation during transplantation. Here, we investigated how fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) facilitate the tolerance induced by anti-CD40L in a murine model of heart transplantation. We found that both the absence of LNs and FRC depletion abrogated the effect of anti-CD40L in prolonging murine heart allograft survival.

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Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose an impending threat to humanity, as the evolution of MDR bacteria outpaces the development of effective antibiotics. In this work, we use indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) to treat infections caused by MDR bacteria photodynamic therapy (PDT), which shows superior bactericidal efficiency over common antibiotics. PDT in the presence of InP QDs results in high-efficiency bactericidal activity towards various bacterial species, including , , and .

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Bone marrow (BM)-resident hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are often activated following bacterial insults to replenish the host hemato-immune system, but how they integrate the associated tissue damage signals to initiate distal tissue repair is largely unknown. Here, we show that acute gut inflammation expands HSPCs in the BM and directs them to inflamed mesenteric lymph nodes through GM-CSFR activation for further expansion and potential differentiation into Ly6C /G myeloid cells specialized in gut tissue repair. We identified this process to be mediated by Bacteroides, a commensal gram-negative bacteria that activates innate immune signaling.

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Oral mucosa is a soft tissue lining the inside of the mouth, protecting the oral cavity from microbiological insults. The mucosal immune system is composed of diverse types of cells that defend against a wide range of pathogens. The pathophysiology of various oral mucosal diseases has been studied mostly by ex vivo histological analysis of harvested specimens.

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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is commonly used to treat patients with various blood disorders, genetic and immunological diseases, and solid tumors. Several systemic complications following HSCT are critical limiting factors for achieving a successful outcome. These systemic complications are mainly due to the lack of initial engraftment after transplantation.

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Animal models of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) have been widely used in many studies. However, most of these studies prefer using a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) which is a typical global ischemia model of the retina, due to the technical limitation of producing single vessel targeted modeling with real-time imaging. A focal ischemia model, such as branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), is also needed for explaining interactions, including the immunological reaction between the ischemic retina and adjacent healthy retina.

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  • - The study investigates the distribution and role of adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) in the gingival epithelium, highlighting their importance in maintaining the epithelial barrier.
  • - Mouse gingival tissue was analyzed using advanced microscopy techniques, revealing that junctional structures are present but exhibit low expression levels of E-cadherin and JAM-A in certain layers of the epithelium.
  • - The findings indicate that while AJs and TJs form a discontinuous barrier, they are crucial for the epithelium's defense against bacteria, with higher bacterial presence noted in specific layers of the epithelium.
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Macrophages play important roles in cancer microenvironment. Human cytosolic glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS1) was previously shown to be secreted via extracellular vesicles (EVs) from macrophages to trigger cancer cell death. However, the effects of GARS1-containing EVs (GARS1-EVs) on macrophages as well as on cancer cells and the working mechanisms of GARS1 in cancer microenvironment are not yet understood.

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Background & Aims: Mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts the synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes in pancreatic acinar cells and plays a primary role in the etiology of exocrine pancreas disorders. However, the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial function to support acinar cell physiology are poorly understood. Here, we aim to elucidate the function of estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) in pancreatic acinar cell mitochondrial homeostasis and energy production.

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  • The study investigates the vascular changes in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune retinal uveitis (EAU) induced by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) using various imaging techniques.
  • Results showed significant inflammation and damage to the retina, including immune cell infiltration and impaired retinal blood flow, particularly three weeks after immunization.
  • The findings indicate that the activation of inflammatory cells and their impact on blood vessel function may play a crucial role in the development of vascular issues in noninfectious uveitis, enhancing our understanding of this condition.
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Cerebral microinfarct increases the risk of dementia. But how microscopic cerebrovascular disruption affects the brain tissue in cellular-level are mostly unknown. Herein, with a longitudinal intravital imaging, we serially visualized in vivo dynamic cellular-level changes in astrocyte, pericyte and neuron as well as microvascular integrity after the induction of cerebral microinfarction for 1 month in mice.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases closely associated with the metabolic system, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The progression of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis is associated with an increased risk of liver cirrhosis and cancer as well as various extra-hepatic diseases. Yet, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood partly due to the absence of effective high-resolution imaging methods and the appropriate animal models recapitulating the pathology of NAFLD.

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In dental pulp, diverse types of cells mediate the dental pulp immunity in a highly complex and dynamic manner. Yet, 3D spatiotemporal changes of various pulpal immune cells dynamically reacting against foreign pathogens during immune response have not been well characterized. It is partly due to the technical difficulty in detailed 3D comprehensive cellular-level observation of dental pulp in whole intact tooth beyond the conventional histological analysis using thin tooth slices.

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