Expression of RPL9 predicts the recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with BCG therapy.

Numerous biomarkers and risk tables can be used to predict recurrence or progression of patients with primary or recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) receiving Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). However, few are suitable for BCG-unresponsive disease (i.e.

Collagen type VI‑α1 and 2 repress the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells.

The bladder cancer (BCa) microenvironment comprises heterogeneous tumor cell populations, the surrounding stroma and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen, the scaffold of the tumor microenvironment, regulates ECM remodeling to promote tumor infiltration, angiogenesis, invasion and migration. The present study examined how collagen type VI‑α (COL6A) 1 and 2 function during BCa pathogenesis and progression, with the aim of facilitating the development of precision therapeutics, risk stratification and molecular diagnosis.

Urinary microRNA-1913 to microRNA-3659 expression ratio as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer.

Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs and are involved in the development, proliferation, and pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). Urinary miRNAs are promising non-invasive biomarkers for PCa diagnosis because of their stability in urine. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic value of urinary miR-1913 to miR-3659 ratio in PCa patients and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) controls.

A Molecular Signature Determines the Prognostic and Therapeutic Subtype of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Responsive to Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy.

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is clinically heterogeneous; thus, many patients fail to respond to treatment and relapse. Here, we identified a molecular signature that is both prognostic and predictive for NMIBC heterogeneity and responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy. Transcriptomic profiling of 948 NMIBC patients identified a signature-based subtype predictor, MSP888, along with three distinct molecular subtypes: DP.

A prognostic immune predictor, HLA-DRA, plays diverse roles in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Background: There is an increasing demand for prognostic immune biomarkers of cancer. The prognostic significance of immune markers has been shown for various cancers, but biomarkers of bladder cancer (BCa) have not been fully evaluated. To clarify the role of human leukocyte antigen DR alpha chain (HLA-DRA) in BCa development, we examined expression of HLA-DRA mRNA in tissue samples of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Parathyroid hormone is associated with prostate cancer.

Background: The present study investigated the association of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcium levels with prostate cancer (CaP).

Methods: The study population consisted of an experimental group [459 patients including 216 patients with CaP and 243 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)] and a prostatectomy group (47 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy). Patients with serum creatinine levels >1.

Negative Effect of Reduced NME1 Expression on Recurrence-Free Survival in Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

This study aimed to understand whether the effect of non-metastatic cells 1 (NME1) on recurrence-free survival (RFS) in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be modified by β-catenin overexpression and cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Expression levels of NME1 and β-catenin were analyzed using immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 425 early stage NSCLC patients. Reduced NME1 expression was found in 39% of samples.

A novel urinary mRNA signature using the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction platform improves discrimination between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia within the prostate-specific antigen gray zone.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify a noninvasive urinary marker for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and to validate the clinical performance of this novel urinary mRNA signature using the droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) approach.

Materials And Methods: A gene expression microarray (HT-12, Illumina Inc., USA) was used to identify genes differentially expressed between 16 PCa and 8 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues; ddPCR (QX200; Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) was carried out to quantify the expression of selected genes in urine.

A novel tumor suppressing gene, , is an independent prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer.

Screening for genes or markers relevant to bladder cancer (BC) tumorigenesis and progression is of vital clinical significance. The present study used reverse-transcription quantitative PCR reaction assays to examine the expression of mRNA encoding Rho GTPase-activating protein 9 (ARHGAP9) in BC tissue samples and to determine whether is an independent prognostic biomarker for non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) and muscle invasive BC (MIBC). The results revealed that the downregulation of expression in the tissue of patients with NMIBC or MIBC was significantly associated with a poor prognosis.

Urinary Cell-Free DNA IQGAP3/BMP4 Ratio as a Prognostic Marker for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background: Disease monitoring in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients is crucial for early identification of disease recurrence and progression. High IQGAP3/BMP4 and IQGAP3/FAM107A ratios in urinary cell-free DNA (ucfDNA) are a diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer. We aimed to investigate whether the levels of these biomarkers in ucfDNA can be used to monitor disease recurrence or progression in patients with NMIBC.

mRNA Expression Is Associated with the Aggressiveness of Prostate Cancer.

Background: Cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) is an essential regulator of DNA replication and plays important roles in the activation and maintenance of the checkpoint mechanisms in the cell cycle. CDC6 has been associated with oncogenic activities in human cancers; however, the clinical significance of CDC6 in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether the mRNA expression level is a diagnostic and prognostic marker in PCa.

Generation of Whole-Genome Sequencing Data for Comparing Primary and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Because castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) does not respond to androgen deprivation therapy and has a very poor prognosis, it is critical to identify a prognostic indicator for predicting high-risk patients who will develop CRPC. Here, we report a dataset of whole genomes from four pairs of primary prostate cancer (PC) and CRPC samples. The analysis of the paired PC and CRPC samples in the whole-genome data showed that the average number of somatic mutations per patients was 7,927 in CRPC tissues compared with primary PC tissues (range, 1,691 to 21,705).

Urinary cell-free microRNA biomarker could discriminate bladder cancer from benign hematuria.

The most common symptom of bladder cancer (BC) is hematuria. However, not all patients with hematuria are diagnosed with BC. Here, we explored a novel method to discriminate BC from hematuria under nonmalignant conditions by measuring differences in urinary cell-free microRNA (miRNA) expression between patients with BC and those with hematuria.

Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs and miRNA-targeted genes in bladder cancer.

Background: Differentially expressed genes and their post-transcriptional regulator-microRNAs (miRNAs), are potential keys to pioneering cancer diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate how the miRNA-mRNA interactions might affect the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer (BC) and to identify specific miRNA and mRNA genetic markers in the two BC types: non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Results: We identified 227 genes that interacted with 54 miRNAs in NMIBC, and 14 genes that interacted with 10 miRNAs in MIBC.

The Anticancer Effects of Garlic Extracts on Bladder Cancer Compared to Cisplatin: A Common Mechanism of Action via Centromere Protein M.

Although garlic induces apoptosis in cancer cells, it is unclear whether the effects are similar to those of cisplatin against bladder cancer (BC). Therefore, this study investigated whether garlic extracts and cisplatin show similar activity when used to treat BC. The effect of garlic on T24 BC cell line was examined in a BALB/C-nude mouse xenograft model and compared with that of cisplatin.

Urinary cell-free nucleic acid IQGAP3: a new non-invasive diagnostic marker for bladder cancer.

Background: There is growing interest in developing new non-invasive diagnostic tools for bladder cancer (BC) that have better sensitivity and specificity than cystoscopy and cytology. This study examined the value of urinary cell-free nucleic acid (NA) as a diagnostic marker for BC.

Material And Methods: A total of 81 patients (74 BC and 7 normal controls) were used for a tissue set, and 212 patients (92 BC and 120 normal controls) were used as a urine set.

Transcriptomic features of primary prostate cancer and their prognostic relevance to castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Although various mechanisms of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have been discovered, reliable biomarkers for monitoring CRPC progression are lacking. We sought to identify molecules that predict the progression of advanced prostate cancer (AdvPC) into CRPC. The study used primary-site samples (=45 for next-generation sequencing (NGS); =243 for real-time polymerase chain reaction) from patients with prostate cancer (PC).

Expression levels of as a prognostic marker for the progression of primary pT1 bladder cancer and its association with mutation status.

The present study examined the utility of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 () mutation status and gene expression as a prognostic marker in primary pT1 bladder cancer (BC). A total of 120 patients with primary pT1 BC were enrolled. mutation status was determined by direct sequencing and mRNA expression level was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis.

Genetic variation of the PSCA gene (rs2294008) is not associated with the risk of prostate cancer.

Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a cell-membrane glycoprotein consisting of 123 amino acids and highly expressed in the prostate, but there have been few reports on the relationship between rs2294008 ofPSCA and prostate cancer in the literature. Therefore, we evaluated the association between rs2294008 and the risk of prostate cancer. A total of 240 prostate cancer patients and 306 controls (patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia) were enrolled.

Long-term validation of a molecular progression-associated gene classifier for prediction of muscle invasion in primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Our previous study reported a clinically applicable prognostic gene classifier for primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The present study aimed to perform long-term validation of this classifier in the prediction of muscle-invasive disease. Previously published gene expression profiles were used from 176 patients with NMIBC with extended follow-up.

Garlic extract in bladder cancer prevention: Evidence from T24 bladder cancer cell xenograft model, tissue microarray, and gene network analysis.

There is a growing interest in the use of naturally occurring agents in cancer prevention. This study investigated the garlic extract affects in bladder cancer (BC) prevention. The effect of garlic extract in cancer prevention was evaluated using the T24 BC BALB/C-nude mouse xenograft model.

Erratum: Increased Expression of Herpes Virus-Encoded hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p in Cancer-Containing Prostate Tissue Compared to That in Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Tissue.

[This corrects the article on p. 122 in vol. 20, PMID: 27377944.

Kinesin Family Member 11 mRNA Expression Predicts Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness.

Background: KIF11 (kinesin family member 11), a molecular motor protein, is essential to mitosis and cell cycle progression. Inhibitors of KIF11 have been developed as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of various cancers. Regarding prostate cancer (PCa), clinical trials using KIF11 inhibitors for the treatment of castration-resistant PCa have been initiated.