Global methane emissions from coal mining to continue growing even with declining coal production.

This paper presents projections of global methane emissions from coal mining under different coal extraction scenarios and with increasing mining depth through 2100. The paper proposes an updated methodology for calculating fugitive emissions from coal mining, which accounts for coal extraction method, coal rank, and mining depth and uses evidence-based emissions factors. A detailed assessment shows that coal mining-related methane emissions in 2010 were higher than previous studies show.

Reduced Cancer Incidence in Huntington's Disease: Analysis in the Registry Study.

Background: People with Huntington's disease (HD) have been observed to have lower rates of cancers.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between age of onset of HD, CAG repeat length, and cancer diagnosis.

Methods: Data were obtained from the European Huntington's disease network REGISTRY study for 6540 subjects.

Genetic control of immunity to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) pathotype 1 in Brassica rapa (Chinese cabbage).

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is the major virus infecting crops of the genus Brassica worldwide. A dominant resistance gene, TuRB01b, that confers immunity to the virus isolate UK 1 (a representative pathotype 1 isolate of TuMV) on Brassica rapa was identified in the Chinese cabbage cultivar Tropical Delight. The TuRB01b locus was mapped to a 2.

Identification of novel small RNAs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

To date, the majority of plant small RNAs (sRNA) have been identified in rice, poplar and Arabidopsis. To identify novel tomato sRNAs potentially involved in tomato specific processes such as fruit development and/or ripening, we cloned 4,018 sRNAs from tomato fruit tissue at the mature green stage. From this pool of sRNAs, we detected tomato homologues of nine known miRNAs, including miR482; a poplar miRNA not conserved in Arabidopsis or rice.

Paragangliomas of the head and neck region.

Three patients with paragangliomas of the head and neck region were referred to an oral and facial unit during a 16-month period. Because such lesions are rare, it was not initially considered in the differential diagnosis. This paper reviews these tumours and stresses the importance of including them in the differential diagnosis of a neck mass.

Management of missile wounds of the maxillofacial region during the 20th century.

Rapid evacuation from the scene of injury, the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocol and advancements in medical and surgical practice afford high standards of care for maxillofacial gunshot wounds (GSWs). This series of nine case reports illustrates both the changes that have occurred and the similarities that remain in the management of these wounds since the First World War. It serves as a reminder of the problems that may be faced managing maxillofacial injuries both in a future conventional war and also increasingly in the civilian population.

The basal cell naevus syndrome: a case in the Falkland Islands.

A case of basal cell naevus syndrome is presented. The jaw cysts were proved histopathologically to be odontogenic keratocysts. The multiple naevoid lesions on the skin were identified as basal cell carcinoma.

The effect of stimulus strength on the jaw-jerk response in man.

The jaw-jerk response was elicited in seven adult male subjects by tapping on the chin in a downward direction. The magnitude of the applied taps was varied subjectively by the operator, and the downward acceleration of the mandible measured by means of a calibrated piezo-electric accelerometer fixed to the lower anterior teeth. The taps were applied during voluntary clenching by the subject, controlled by means of a force transducer placed between upper and lower teeth.