The notion of excessive childhood restlessness in Spain at the beginning of the twentieth century.

This study delves into the historical documentation from 1900 to 1936 by Spanish doctors and educators concerning children's hyperactivity. By focusing on medical perspectives of the time, we aim to explore the conceptualisation of childhood phenomenology within the context of significant international literature of that era. The publications of doctors Jerónimo Moragas and Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora, along with educators Augusto Vidal Perera and José Sarmiento Lausén, will be examined to understand the medical and educational approaches to childhood restlessness.

Development of a Short Version of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV.es (sADHD-RS-IV.es).

Objective: To develop a short version of the Spanish 18-item ADHD-Rating Scale IV.es (sADHD-RS-IV.es) to be used as a potential screening tool in pediatric population.

Resting-State fMRI to Identify the Brain Correlates of Treatment Response to Medications in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Lessons From the CUNMET Study.

Neuroimaging research seeks to identify biomarkers to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although clinical translation of findings remains distant. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) is increasingly being used to characterize functional connectivity in the brain. Despite mixed results to date and multiple methodological challenges, dominant hypotheses implicate hyperconnectivity across brain networks in patients with ADHD, which could be the target of pharmacological treatments.

Systematic Review: Medication Effects on Brain Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Patients With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) studies of the neural correlates of medication treatment in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have not been systematically reviewed. Our objective was to systematically identify, assess and summarize within-subject R-fMRI studies of pharmacological-induced changes in patients with ADHD. We critically appraised strengths and limitations, and provide recommendations for future research.

Clinical and Neuropsychological Predictors of Methylphenidate Response in Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Naturalistic Follow-up Study in a Spanish Sample.

Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) is the most commonly used medication for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but to date, there are neither consistent nor sufficient findings on conditions differentiating responsiveness to MPH response in ADHD.

Objective: To develop a predictive model of MPH response, using a longitudinal and naturalistic follow-up study, in a Spanish sample of children and adolescents with ADHD.

Methods: We included all children and adolescents with ADHD treated with MPH in our outpatient Clinic (2005 to 2015), evaluated with the K-SADS interview.

Risk of poisoning in children and adolescents with ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Poisoning, a subtype of physical injury, is an important hazard in children and youth. Individuals with ADHD may be at higher risk of poisoning. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify this risk.

Risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents with ADHD and the impact of ADHD medications: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic review with meta-analyses was performed to: 1) quantify the association between ADHD and risk of unintentional physical injuries in children/adolescents ("risk analysis"); 2) assess the effect of ADHD medications on this risk ("medication analysis"). We searched 114 databases through June 2017. For the risk analysis, studies reporting sex-controlled odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) estimating the association between ADHD and injuries were combined.

Risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents with ADHD and the impact of ADHD medications: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been related to increased rates of unintentional injuries. However, the magnitude of the effect and to which extent variables such as sex, age or comorbidity can influence this relationship is unknown. Additionally, and importantly, it is unclear if, and to which degree, ADHD medications can decrease the number of unintentional injuries.

Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treated with Methylphenidate.

Objective: To describe the methylphenidate (MPH) effects on weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) in a Spanish sample diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Patients (6-18 years) diagnosed with ADHD treated at our Unit with MPH in the last 10 years were included in an observational longitudinal study. Weight, height, and BMI Z scores were measured at baseline and at last follow-up.

Altered default network resting state functional connectivity in patients with a first episode of psychosis.

Background: Default network (DN) abnormalities have been identified in patients with chronic schizophrenia using "resting state" functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI). Here, we examined the integrity of the DN in patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis (FEP) compared with sex- and age-matched healthy controls.

Methods: We collected R-fMRI data from 19 FEP patients (mean age 24.

Structural brain abnormalities in first-episode psychosis: differences between affective psychoses and schizophrenia and relationship to clinical outcome.

Objectives:   Several studies have described volumetric brain abnormalities in first-episode psychosis. The extent to which these differ in patients with schizophrenia and affective psychoses, or are related to subsequent clinical outcome, is unclear. We examined volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in young patients with a first episode of psychosis, and compared these volumetric abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia versus affective psychosis.

The opinion of psychiatric residents on the training they receive.

The results of a survey carried out by the Spanish National Board for Psychiatric Training among psychiatric trainees in their third and fourth year of training are presented and discussed. The aim of the survey was to know the resident's opinion and level of satisfaction on the training they had received. The results indicate that the majority of residents had complied with the National Program for Psychiatric Training requirements and that their level of satisfaction was fair.

Longitudinal changes in brain structure following the first episode of psychosis.

Both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been associated with progressive changes in grey matter (GM) volume. However, the temporal trajectories of these changes are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess longitudinal changes in grey matter volume subsequent to the first episode of schizophrenia and of affective psychoses.