[Soy beverages and women's health: evidence review and experts opinion].

Soy drinks are an increasingly consumed option within the Western diet. However, there are concerns about potential endocrine disruptor effects and possible impact on women's reproductive health. This review evaluates scientific documents in gynecology and obstetrics under an evidence-based medicine approach.

[Non-caloric sweeteners in women of reproductive age - A consensus document].

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are food additives that have been used as a possible tool to reduce energy and sugar intake. There is a scientific debate around the real benefits of their use. NNS are substances widely evaluated in the scientific literature.

[Nutrition in chronic kidney disease].

Chronic kidney disease patients often also present protein-calorie malnutrition, and it is a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality. In this article, causes and management are shown, highlighting oral and parenteral nutritional supplementation, especially during dialysis process.

[Diet recomendations in diabetes and obesity].

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the chronic diseases with higher prevalence worldwide, mainly due to the increase of "type 2 diabetes". This increasing is mainly due to the aging of the population, the current epidemic of obesity and the changes in lifestyle, such as high-calorie diets and sedentary lifestyle. In addition, it is common to find that diabetes is associated with obesity, diabesity, or hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, forming part of the socalled Metabolic Syndrome (MS), which is associated with a high probability of developing cardiovascular problems.

Assessment of nutritional status in the healthcare setting in Spain.

Early identification of undernourished patients in the healthcare setting, and their nutritional treatment, are essential if the harmful effects of poor nourishment are to be avoided and care costs kept down. The aim of assessing nutritional status is to determine the general health of a patient from a nutritional viewpoint. All hospitalised patients should undergo nutritional screening within 24-48 h of admission, as should any patient who shows signs of being malnourished when visiting any healthcare centre.

Screeners and brief assessment methods.

In the last two decades easy-to-use simple instruments have been developed and validated to assess specific aspects of the diet or a general profile that can be compared with a reference dietary pattern as the Mediterranean Diet or with the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines. Brief instruments are rapid, simple and easy to use tools that can be implemented by unskilled personnel without specific training. These tools are useful both in clinical settings and in Primary Health Care or in the community as a tool for triage, as a screening tool to identify individuals or groups of people at risk who require further care or even they have been used in studies to investigate associations between specific aspects of the diet and health outcomes.

Special considerations for nutritional studies in elderly.

The elderly population is increasing and it is well documented that may present some health problems related to nutritional intake. Both mental and physical impairments in the elderly may need specific adaptations to dietary assessment methods. But all self-report approaches include systematic and random errors, and under-reporting of dietary energy intake is common.

[Effects of exenatide lar in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity].

Introduction: GLP-1 analogs have been shown to be an effective treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) and obesity.

Objectives: Evaluate the efficacy of exenatide LAR on weight loss, glycemic control, blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile, in DM-2 and obesity.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study of patients treated with exenatide LAR for 6 months.

Low and no calorie sweeteners (LNCS); myths and realities.

Since their introduction in the market, there has been much debate regarding the health effects of low and no calorie sweetners (LNCS). Therefore, through this review, we aim to establish scientific information about the most commonly used LNCS by the food industry. Key questions about uses, safety, and weight control are reviewed.

Chinchón declaration; decalogue on low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS).

Multidisciplinary experts in the areas of nutrition and health met in Chinchón, Madrid, on November 25-26, 2013 under the auspices of the Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional (Nutrition Research Foundation) and with the collaboration of the Madrid Regional Government's Health Ministry, the International Sweeteners Association and the Carlos III Health Institute CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition. They analyzed the current status of scientific knowledge on low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) and developed a consensus Decalogue on their use; this constitutes the Chinchón Declaration. Sweeteners, including sugar, represent a subject of undeniable interest and are currently a popular topic, although areas relating to their safety and benefits remain unknown to segments of academia and the general public.

Obesity and diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative impairment in insulin secretion and its possible long term complications. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, but both genetic and environmental factors, such as obesity and aging, play a key role. "Diabesity" is a new term which refers to diabetes occurring in the context of obesity.

[Efficacy of oral supplementation during dialysis in patients with chronic renal failure].

Protein-calorie malnutrition is common in hemodialysis patients and is a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality. Nutritional supplementation, administered orally or parenterally, especially during dialysis, may compensate for the relatively inadequate protein and energy intake and improves net protein anabolism in chronic hemodialysis patients. Intradialytic oral nutrition seems preferable to intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) due to its lower cost and persistence of its anabolic effects after infusion is stopped, and because IDPN induces a higher increase in serum glucose and insulin levels and a greater reduction in serum ghrelin concentrations.