Sleep quality and sleep deprivation: relationship with academic performance in university students during examination period.

The beginning of the university brings together maturational, psychosocial and academic changes that make university students more prone to suffer from insufficient or poor quality sleep, which can negatively influence their academic performance. The period of taking exams is a key part of the academic year. However, there are few studies that analyze sleep during this period of time.

Language hemispheric dominance analyzed with magnetic resonance DTI: correlation with the Wada test.

Objective: Language lateralization is a major concern in some patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy who will face surgery; in these patients, hemispheric dominance testing is essential to avoid further complications. The Wada test is considered the gold standard examination for language localization, but is invasive and requires many human and material resources. Functional MRI and tractography with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have demonstrated that they could be useful for locating language in epilepsy surgery, but there is no evidence of the correlation between the Wada test and DTI MRI in language dominance.

Prediction of Memory Impairment in Epilepsy Surgery by White Matter Diffusion.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between cognitive performance and white matter integrity in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) to establish radiologic criteria to help with patient selection for surgery.

Methods: The study included 19 adults with temporal lobe epilepsy. A tractography analysis of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD) of the following fascicles was performed: arcuate fascicle, cingulum, fornix, inferior fronto-occipital fascicle, inferior longitudinal fascicle, parahippocampal fibers of the cingulum, and uncinate fascicle.

Differences in cognitive performance in nondemented Parkinson's disease: A latent profile analysis of cognitive subtypes.

Introduction: Cognitive impairments are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients without dementia. These deficits are quite heterogeneous, which makes it difficult to recognize and treat them. For this reason, many authors have attempted to classify patients into more homogeneous groups with diverse results.

Alteration profile of executive functions in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Executive functions (EF) in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been only partially studied, mainly trough the evaluation of subfunctions. The main objective was to analyse the EF alteration profile in a patients with MS sample.

Participants And Methods: Case-control study, 100 patients with MS and 30 controls were evaluated by the following tests: Comprehensive Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, picture completion, letter-number sequencing, comprehension and similarities of the WAIS-III scale, phonological and semantic fluency, zoo map test, temporal judgment and behavioural Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX-Q) of the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome.

Working memory and facial expression recognition in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Facial expression recognition impairment has been reported in Parkinson's disease. While some authors have referred to specific emotional disabilities, others view them as secondary to executive deficits frequently described in the disease, such as working memory. The present study aims to analyze the relationship between working memory and facial expression recognition abilities in Parkinson's disease.

Executive function and memory in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system very heterogeneous in its characteristics. In contrast to the well known sensitive/motor deficits, the cognitive dysfunction has only been analyzed in the last few decades. Attention, executive function, and memory were assessed in 28 patients with recurrent-remittent MS (RRMS) (duration, median 7 years; EDSS median 2) by means of a specific neuropsychological battery.

Evidence for linguistic deficit in nonlexical processing in reading. A study of a Spanish-speaking patient.

Previous studies have shown that in the so-called opaque languages (those in which spelling does not correspond to pronunciation), there are relatively independent routes for lexical and nonlexical processing, that is, for words and nonwords, both in spoken and in written language. On the other hand, in the so-called transparent languages (those in which pronunciation corresponds to written forms), empirical evidence is scarcer. In this study of a neurological patient (parieto-temporal lesion), speaker of a transparent language (Spanish) showing a specific deficit in nonlexical reading processing, linguistic analysis for words was relatively preserved.

Neuropsychological evidence for "word-meaning deafness" in a Spanish-speaking patient.

In this paper we present a case of "word-meaning deafness," characterised by serious problems in the comprehension of spoken language, whilst repetition and writing words and non-words from dictation are preserved. This performance indicates the impossibility of correctly accessing phonological representation from the semantic representation of words. Neuropsychological evidence on specific alterations in word-meaning disorders is scarce, and this study contributes new findings with a Spanish-speaking patient.