Human Pasteurella multocida Infection with Likely Zoonotic Transmission from a Pet Dog, Spain.

We report a case of urinary tract infection caused by an unusual genotype (sequence type 211) of Pasteurella multocida associated with human infection. Molecular genetic analysis of P. multocida isolates obtained from the human patient and his pet strongly suggests a zoonotic transmission of this bacterium.

Prevalence of X4 tropic viruses in patients recently infected with HIV-1 and lack of association with transmission of drug resistance.

Background: HIV-1 co-receptor usage may play a critical role in AIDS pathogenesis. Information on viral tropism in HIV-1 seroconverters is scarce, as is the relationship with transmission of drug-resistant viruses.

Methods: All consecutive HIV-1 seroconverters seen between January 1997 and December 2005 in 17 Spanish hospitals were retrospectively analysed.

Resistance to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and prevalence of HIV type 1 non-B subtypes are increasing among persons with recent infection in Spain.

The prevalence of drug resistance mutations was 12.1% among 198 persons who experienced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion identified in Spain during 1997-2004. There was a significant increase of K103N and of non-B subtypes over time.

Antiretroviral recommendations may influence the rate of transmission of drug-resistant HIV type 1.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment guidelines have evolved, shifting from more-aggressive to more-conservative approaches. The potential impact of these shifts on the transmission of drug-resistant virus is unknown.

Methods: Drug-resistance genotypes were examined in all consecutive patients with recent HIV type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion (hereafter, "HIV-1 seroconverters") seen at 10 Spanish hospitals since 1997.