A Systematic Review of Screening Tests for Chronic Kidney Disease: An Accuracy Analysis.

This systematic review was conducted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of chronic kidney disease screening tests in the general population. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane Library and ProQuest databases were searched for English-language publications up to November 2016. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted study data in standardized tables.

Definition, treatment and outcome of residual fragments in staghorn stones.

Technological advances in minimally invasive treatment of stone disease and its integration with concomitant clinical practice are amongst the most important achievements in urology. Despite the wealth of information accumulated over the years and the richness of existing literature, the knowledge about the definition, treatment and outcomes of residual stone fragments after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is still insufficient. Due to the high stone load a lot of patients with staghorn stones have residual fragments (RFs) after treatment with PNL, which depends on the size of tract, definition of stone free rate (SFR), timing of evaluation and the imaging used.

Recommended antibiotic prophylaxis regimen in retrograde intrarenal surgery: evidence from a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To study the incidence of postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) following different antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) regimens in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).

Patients And Methods: Single-centre, randomised, controlled trial (August 2014-September 2017) including 426 patients with renal stones with preoperative sterile urine managed by RIRS (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02304822).

Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for the Diagnosis of Urothelial Carcinoma in the Bladder and the Upper Urinary Tract: Protocols for Two Prospective Explorative Studies.

Background: Visual confirmation of a suspicious lesion in the urinary tract is a major corner stone in diagnosing urothelial carcinoma. However, during cystoscopy (for bladder tumors) and ureterorenoscopy (for tumors of the upper urinary tract) no real-time histopathologic information can be obtained. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an optical imaging technique that allows for in vivo high-resolution imaging and may allow real-time tumor grading of urothelial lesions.

Testicular Tumour Size and Rete Testis Invasion as Prognostic Factors for the Risk of Relapse of Clinical Stage I Seminoma Testis Patients Under Surveillance: a Systematic Review by the Testicular Cancer Guidelines Panel.

Context: Patients with clinical stage I (CS I) seminoma testis with large primary tumours and/or rete testis invasion (RTI) might have an increased risk of relapse. In recent years, these risk factors have frequently been employed to decide on adjuvant treatment.

Objective: To systematically review the literature on tumour size and RTI as risk factors for relapse in CS I seminoma testis patients under surveillance.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization as prognostic predictor of tumor recurrence during treatment with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

A significant number of patients with intermediate- or high-risk bladder cancer treated with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy are non-responders to this treatment. Since we cannot predict in which patients BCG therapy will fail, markers for responders are needed. UroVysion is a multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test for bladder cancer detection.

Current position of diagnostics and surgical treatment for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Background: The applicability of urinary biomarkers and optical diagnostics in upper urinary tract carcinoma (UUT-UC) are increasingly debated. To receive insight in the opinion of the urological community involved in this field, a survey was sent out to identify the most promising techniques and understand the need for new diagnostics. Primary objective of this study was to provide an overview of current diagnostics in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.

Irreversible electroporation: state of the art.

The field of focal ablative therapy for the treatment of cancer is characterized by abundance of thermal ablative techniques that provide a minimally invasive treatment option in selected tumors. However, the unselective destruction inflicted by thermal ablation modalities can result in damage to vital structures in the vicinity of the tumor. Furthermore, the efficacy of thermal ablation intensity can be impaired due to thermal sink caused by large blood vessels in the proximity of the tumor.

Vimentin over-expression and carbonic anhydrase IX under-expression are independent predictors of recurrence, specific and overall survival in non-metastatic clear-cell renal carcinoma: a validation study.

Purpose: Clinical outcomes prognostic markers are awaited in clear-cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) to improve patient-tailored management and to assess six different markers' influence on clinical outcomes from ccRCC specimen and their incremental value combined with TNM staging.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective, multicenter study. One hundred and forty-three patients with pT1b-pT3N0M0 ccRCC were included.

Prostate cancer diagnosis by optical coherence tomography: First results from a needle based optical platform for tissue sampling.

The diagnostic accuracy of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) based optical attenuation coefficient analysis is assessed for the detection of prostate cancer. Needle-based OCT-measurements were performed on the prostate specimens. Attenuation coefficients were determined by an earlier described in-house developed software package.

Percutaneous Needle Based Optical Coherence Tomography for the Differentiation of Renal Masses: a Pilot Cohort.

Purpose: We determine the ability of percutaneous needle based optical coherence tomography to differentiate renal masses by using the attenuation coefficient (μOCT, mm(-1)) as a quantitative measure.

Materials And Methods: Percutaneous needle based optical coherence tomography of the kidney was performed in patients presenting with a solid renal mass. A pathology specimen was acquired in the form of biopsies and/or a resection specimen.

Internal or External Stenting of the Ureterovesical Anastomosis in Renal Transplantation.

Background: Stenting of the ureterovesical anastomosis reduces the incidence of urological complications (UCs) after renal transplantation, but there are multiple stenting techniques, and there is no consensus regarding which technique is preferred. The aim of this study was to compare an internal versus an external stenting technique on the incidence of UCs.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 419 deceased donor renal transplantations performed between January 2008 and December 2013.

Prediction of renal mass aggressiveness using clinical and radiographic features: a global, multicentre prospective study.

Objective: To examine the ability of preoperative clinical characteristics to predict histological features of renal masses (RMs).

Patients And Methods: Data from consecutive patients with clinical stage I RMs treated surgically between 2010 and 2011 in the Clinical Research Office of Endourology Society (CROES) Renal Mass Registry were collected. Based on surgical histology, tumours were categorised as benign, low- or high-aggressiveness cancer.

Salvage ablative therapy in prostate cancer: international multidisciplinary consensus on trial design.

Introduction: Salvage ablative therapy (SAT) has been developed as a form of localized treatment for localized recurrence of prostate cancers following radiation therapy. To better address the utility of SAT, prospective clinical trials must address the aspects of accepted standards in the initial evaluation, treatment, follow-up, and outcomes in the oncology community. We undertook this study to achieve consensus on uniform standardized trial design for SAT trials.

Prostate cancer diagnosis: the feasibility of needle-based optical coherence tomography.

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of needle-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) and functional analysis of OCT data along the full pullback trajectory of the OCT measurement in the prostate, correlated with pathology. OCT images were recorded using a commercially available C7-XR™ OCT Intravascular Imaging System interfaced to a C7 Dragonfly™ intravascular 0.9-mm-diameter imaging probe.

The efficacy and safety of irreversible electroporation for the ablation of renal masses: a prospective, human, in-vivo study protocol.

Background: Electroporation is a novel treatment technique utilizing electric pulses, traveling between two or more electrodes, to ablate targeted tissue. The first in human studies have proven the safety of IRE for the ablation of renal masses. However the efficacy of IRE through histopathological examination of an ablated renal tumour has not yet been studied.

In vivo, percutaneous, needle based, optical coherence tomography of renal masses.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the optical equivalent of ultrasound imaging, based on the backscattering of near infrared light. OCT provides real time images with a 15 µm axial resolution at an effective tissue penetration of 2-3 mm. Within the OCT images the loss of signal intensity per millimeter of tissue penetration, the attenuation coefficient, is calculated.

Irreversible electroporation of the porcine kidney: Temperature development and distribution.

Objective: Although tissue ablation by irreversible electroporation (IRE) has been characterized as nonthermal, the application of frequent repetitive high-intensity electric pulses has the potential of substantially heating the targeted tissue and causing thermal damage. This study evaluates the risk of possible thermal damage by measuring temperature development and distribution during IRE of porcine kidney tissue.

Methods: The animal procedures were conducted following an approved Institutional Animal Ethics Committee protocol.

[Urothelial carcinoma in the upper urinary tract: developments in diagnostics, treatment and follow-up].

Ninety-five percent of all urothelial carcinomas are located in the bladder and 5% in the upper urinary tract. Therefore, upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is relatively rare, with an incidence of 2.1-2.

Optical diagnostics for upper urinary tract urothelial cancer: technology, thresholds, and clinical applications.

Purpose: Developments in optical diagnostics have potential for less invasive diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC). This systematic review provides an overview of technology, applications, and limitations of recently developed optical diagnostics in the upper urinary tract and outlines their potential for future clinical applications. In addition, current evidence was evaluated.

Small renal mass biopsy--how, what and when: report from an international consensus panel.

To discuss the use of renal mass biopsy (RMB) for small renal masses (SRMs), formulate technical aspects, outline potential pitfalls and provide recommendations for the practicing clinician. The meeting was conducted as an informal consensus process and no scoring system was used to measure the levels of agreement on the different topics. A moderated general discussion was used as the basis for consensus and arising issues were resolved at this point.

Novel contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging in prostate cancer.

Purpose: The purposes of this paper were to present the current status of contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound imaging and to discuss the latest achievements and techniques now under preclinical testing.

Objective: Although grayscale transrectal ultrasound is the standard method for prostate imaging, it lacks accuracy in the detection and localization of prostate cancer. With the introduction of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), perfusion imaging of the microvascularization became available.

Trends in epidemiology and treatment of upper urinary tract tumours in the Netherlands 1995-2005: an analysis of PALGA, the Dutch national histopathology registry.

Objective: To evaluate changes in incidence, distribution of stage and grade as well as surgical treatment of upper urinary tract (UUT) tumours in the Netherlands from 1995 to 2005.

Patients And Methods: The PALGA registry, a nationwide network and registry of pathology encompassing all hospitals in the Netherlands, was used as primary data source. Pathology reports of all primary surgical procedures or biopsies without further surgical treatment within the next year, of cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter during the period 1995-2005, were included.

Effectiveness of a 5-day external stenting protocol on urological complications after renal transplantation.

Background: Ureteral stents are successful in reducing urological complications after renal transplantation. However, the optimal duration and method of stenting have not yet been clarified. The objective of the present study was to investigate the frequency of urological complications when a 5-day external stented ureterocystostomy protocol was followed.

Is age a prognostic factor for treatment outcome in renal cell cancer-A comprehensive review.

Life expectancy gradually increases in the Western part of the world. Older patients may present with small, localized tumours and/or advanced or metastatic disease and still, potentially, have a considerable life expectancy. The consequence of the increased life span is that in older patients all potential treatments have to be discussed.