Appropriate Duration of Antimicrobial Treatment for Prosthetic Joint Infections: A Narrative Review.

Prosthetic joint infections are considered difficult to treat they needing aggressive surgery and long antimicrobial treatments. However, the exact duration of these therapies has been established empirically. In the last years, several studies have explored the possibility of reducing the length of treatment in this setting, with conflicting results.

Enhancing screening adherence for strongyloides infection in latinx inpatients with COVID-19: a local protocol implementation study.

hyperinfection syndrome has been observed in immunosuppressed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Detecting and treating asymptomatic infection in individuals from endemic areas can effectively prevent hyperinfection. Unfortunately, many clinicians are unaware of this neglected infection.

Risk Factors and Outcomes for Multidrug Resistant Infection in Immunocompromised Patients.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) infection often occurs in immunocompromised patients, which also face an increased risk of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. A deeper knowledge of the risk factors for MDR-PSA infection in this patient population may help to choose appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy. Methods: a single-center case-control (1:2) retrospective study that included 48 patients with underlying immunosuppression developing MDR-PSA infection (cases) and 96 patients also immunocompromised that were infected with non-MDR-PSA (controls) was conducted.

Derivation of a score to predict infection due to multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a tool for guiding empirical antibiotic treatment.

Objectives: Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PSA) constitutes an emerging health problem. A predictive score of MDR-PSA infection would allow an early adaptation of empirical antibiotic therapy.

Methods: We performed a single-centre case-control (1:2) retrospective study including 100 patients with MDR-PSA and 200 with a non-MDR-PSA infection.

Prognostic factors of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a tertiary-care Spanish hospital: A retrospective single-center cohort study.

Objectives: To describe the determinants of outcome of infections due to oxacillinase-48 (OXA-48) carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (OXA-48-Kp).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 117 episodes of OXA-48-Kp infection were conducted. Multivariate Cox models identified factors predicting 14-day clinical response and 30-day all-cause mortality.

An exploratory analysis of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 as a new biomarker of asymptomatic Leishmania infantum infection in solid-organ transplant recipients.

Objective: Sensitive and less laborious assays are needed to detect asymptomatic Leishmania among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Using SLA-stimulated plasma from SOT recipients living where an outbreak of Leishmania infantum occurred, we examined potential biomarkers to identify asymptomatic Leishmania infections.

Methods: Concentrations of cytokines/chemokines in plasma from whole blood stimulated with specific Leishmania antigen (SLA) were compared against infection status as determined by a currently used cell proliferation assay.

Effectiveness of ceftazidime-avibactam for the treatment of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Background: Clinical experience with ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) for treatment of infections due to multidrug or extremely resistant (MDR/XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is limited.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with MDR/XDR P.

Reactivation of latent infections in solid organ transplant recipients from sub-Saharan Africa: What should be remembered?

International migration from Sub-Saharan African countries to the European Union and the United States has significantly increased over the past decades. Although the vast majority of these immigrants are young and healthy people, a minority can be affected by chronic conditions eventually leading to solid organ transplantation (SOT). Importantly, these candidates can bear geographically restricted fungal and parasitic latent infections that can reactivate after the procedure.

Incidence and clinical profiles of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women: A single-centre cohort study from Spain.

Background: Information regarding the incidence and characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia amongst pregnant women is scarce.

Methods: Single-centre experience with 32 pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 5 to April 5, 2020 at Madrid, Spain.

Findings: COVID-19 pneumonia was diagnosed in 61·5% (32/52) women.

Impact of duration of antibiotic therapy in central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection due to Gram-negative bacilli.

Background: A progressive increase in the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) due to Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) has been reported. Current guidelines recommend antibiotic treatment for at least 7-14 days, although the supporting evidence is limited.

Methods: We performed a retrospective single-centre study including all patients with a definite diagnosis of GNB CRBSI from January 2012 to October 2018 in which the central venous catheter (CVC) was removed.

A short course of antibiotic treatment is safe after catheter withdrawal in catheter-related bloodstream infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci.

CoNS is the main cause of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). Current guidelines recommend catheter withdrawal followed by antibiotics for at least 5 days. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a shorter course of antibiotherapy in patients with CoNS CRBSI.

Influence of viral load in the outcome of hospitalized patients with influenza virus infection.

The role of viral load in the outcome of patients requiring hospital admission due to influenza is not well established. We aim to assess if there is an association between the viral load and the outcome in hospitalized patients with a confirmed influenza virus infection. A retrospective observational study including all adult patients who were hospitalized in our center with a confirmed influenza virus infection from January to May 2016.

Prognostic Factors of Death in 151 Adults With Hemophagocytic Syndrome: Etiopathogenically Driven Analysis.

Objective: To characterize the etiologies and clinical features at diagnosis of patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and correlate these baseline features with survival using an etiopathogenically guided multivariable model.

Patients And Methods: The Spanish Group of Autoimmune Diseases HLH Study Group, formed in 2013, is aimed at collecting adult patients with HLH diagnosed in internal medicine departments between January 3, 2013, and October 28, 2017.

Results: The cohort consisted of 151 patients (91 men; mean age, 51.

[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: Analysis of 18 cases].

Background And Objective: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a serious condition, caused by an improper regulation of the immune response to different stimuli of the immune system. Early diagnosis and treatment are a challenge for the clinician.

Patients And Method: We conducted a retrospective study at our institution between 2010 and 2015, of adult patients diagnosed with HLH, in accordance with the criteria of the Histiocyte Society, analyzing their clinical characteristics, diagnostic and etiological studies and the outcome.