The Challenge of Strabismus Surgery for Patients with Hemianopic Visual Field Defects Associated with Ocular Deviations.

Homonymous and heteronymous hemianopias associated with strabismus are a therapeutic challenge because surgery may result in diplopia, decrease the visual field (VF), and/or lead to recurrence of the deviation. We present four cases: two homonymous hemianopias and two heteronymous hemianopias. Of the four patients, three had exotropia and one had esotropia.

Predictors and efficacy of surgical treatment for consecutive exotropia.

Purpose: To study the surgical outcomes of consecutive exotropia and predictive factors, and to compare the medial rectus (MR) advancement, lateral rectus (LR) recession, or a combination of both procedures.

Methods: A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with consecutive exotropia that were operated on (2000-2020) were included. The convergence was classified from 0 to +++, with good: ++/+++ and poor: 0/+.

Ophthalmologic Manifestations in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the ophthalmologic manifestations found in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to assess their prevalence in the different types of ASD.

Materials And Methods: This prospective observational study included 344 patients with ASD seen over a period of 8.5 years.

Central Mini-plication of the Medial Rectus for Convergence Insufficiency.

Five cases with a mean (± SD) age of 61 (12.02) years are described to study the outcomes of treatment with central mini-plication of the medial rectus (MR) muscles in adult convergence insufficiency with diplopia and near exotropia: mean preoperative deviation: 18 (± 2) pd. Surgical outcome was considered to be favorable when diplopia and symptoms were resolved and final exotropia at near was ≤8 pd at the end of follow-up.

Long term outcomes of strabismus surgery for third nerve palsy.

Purpose: To report long-term outcomes of strabismus surgery for treatment of third nerve palsy.

Methods: We performed a 15-year retrospective study of patients who had undergone surgery. We analyzed preoperative mean deviation (at 6 months, 1 year after surgery, and at the end of follow-up), type of surgery, and factors predicting outcomes.

Adjustable Strabismus Surgery under Topical Anesthesia: Alignment in Supine vs Seated Position.

Purpose: To compare ocular deviation in the operating room depending on whether the patient is in supine decubitus or seated after single-stage adjustable strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia.

Material And Method: We performed a prospective observational study of 30 patients with horizontal and/or vertical strabismus who underwent single stage adjustable strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia. Both distance and near deviation were evaluated before surgery, during surgery in both positions (seated and supine), and at 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery.

Surgical treatment of superior oblique palsy: Predictors of outcome.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and outcome of surgically treated superior oblique palsy (SOP) and the factors involved in its resolution.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 76 patients who underwent surgery for SOP. We recorded data from the physical examination and the number and type of procedures performed.

Botulinum toxin for treatment of restrictive strabismus.

Purpose: To study the types of acquired restrictive strabismus treated in a tertiary hospital and the outcome of treatment with botulinum toxin.

Methods: We performed a 10-year retrospective study of patients with restrictive strabismus aged ≥18 years who were treated with botulinum toxin. Treatment was considered successful if the final vertical deviation was ≤5 PD, horizontal deviation ≤10 PD, with no head turn or diplopia.

Fat adherence syndrome following inferior oblique surgery: Treatment and outcomes.

Purpose: Describe surgical treatment and results in a group of patients diagnosed and operated on of fat adherence syndrome following inferior oblique surgery.

Patients, Material And Methods: Retrospective study of 6 cases diagnosed and treated of fat adherence syndrome following inferior oblique surgery. Mean age was 24.

Bilateral superior oblique palsy: etiology and therapeutic options.

Purpose: To study the causes of bilateral superior oblique palsy (BSOP), treatment with botulinum toxin and/or surgery, and outcome of treatment.

Methods: This was an 11-year retrospective study of patients with BSOP treated with injections of botulinum toxin (Botox), surgery, or both. Treatment was considered successful when anomalous head turn and diplopia in primary gaze position and downgaze resolved.

Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles: magnetic resonance imaging findings and surgical treatment.

Purpose: We analyzed findings of orbital and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM). We described surgery and its outcome.

Material And Method: Nine out of 10 patients with clinical findings of CFEOM underwent orbital and cranial MRI to perform a study of the extraocular muscles and cranial nerves.

Atypical restrictive strabismus secondary to an anomalous orbital structure: differential diagnosis.

Anomalous orbital structures are very rare causes of restrictive strabismus. Of the 3 types described in the literature, one involves accessory muscle fibers that are innervated by the III and/or VI cranial nerves originating in the posterior orbit and inserting on the globe, optic nerve, or extraocular muscles. Although these structures do not cause specific symptoms that enable us to make a diagnosis, we must take them into account in patients with atypical restrictive strabismus.

Horizontal rectus surgery in Duane syndrome.

Purpose: To study the results of horizontal rectus recession for treatment of Duane syndrome.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 17 patients with Duane syndrome who underwent strabismus surgery between 2000 and 2008 with medial rectus recession for esotropic deviation or lateral rectus recession for exotropic deviation. The amount of surgery varied individually with the angle of deviation and abnormal head posture.

Etiology and treatment of pediatric sixth nerve palsy.

Purpose: To describe the causes and treatment of sixth (abducens) nerve palsy in a series of pediatric patients.

Methods: This was a 14-year retrospective study of sixth nerve palsy in children under 14 years of age. Outcomes studied included horizontal deviation, degree of limitation of abduction, and head turn.

Conjunctival cysts as a complication after strabismus surgery.

Purpose: To identify possible factors associated with the development of a conjunctival cyst after surgery for strabismus.

Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal, and retrospective study was done including 12 cases from the past 20 years presenting a conjunctival cyst as a complication of strabismus surgery. Variables included age, sex, eye and muscle operated on, surgical technique used, surgeon, type of suture, and type of conjunctival incision.

Topical anesthesia in strabismus surgery: a review of 101 cases.

Purpose: To analyze the results over a 10-year period with a different type of strabismus surgery performed with topical anesthesia, to describe the differences in technique compared with surgery performed with general anesthesia, and to detail current indications and technical changes made according to the experience accrued during these years.

Methods: A total of 101 patients undergoing strabismus surgery with topical anesthesia in a single hospital were analyzed. These patients were randomly selected from a total of 567 patients who had undergone extra-ocular muscle surgery in the past 10 years.

Intramuscular Bupivacaine Injection for the Treatment of Oculomotor Paresis.

The main goal of this study is to examine the effect of intramuscular bupivacaine in oculomotor paresis, analyzing whether it is possible to obtain a stronger muscle contraction due to the muscle hypertrophy caused by the drug. An injection of 4.5 mL of a 0.

Ocular dominance diagnosis and its influence in monovision.

Purpose: To analyze the response of normal emmetropic subjects to different ocular dominance tests and to analyze the influence of this response in surgically induced monovision.

Design: A prospective study of diagnostic accuracy was carried out to analyze the different tests to determine ocular dominance, without a gold standard test.

Methods: Nine different tests were carried out in a group of 51 emmetropic subjects to determine both motor and sensory ocular dominance.