[Validation of the short FES-I scale in Spanish population over 70 years].

Introduction: Falls deteriorate the quality of life of the elderly and the fear of falling has been shown to be an independent risk factor for frailty, so having tools for its evaluation is a priority. The short FES-I scale, short version (7 items) of the FES-I scale (16 items), assesses fear of falling. The objective of this study is to validate the short FES-I scale in the Spanish population over 70 years and to analyze the relationship between fear of falling, risk of falls and frailty.

Prognostic factors that modify outcomes of vestibular rehabilitation in elderly patients with falls.

Background: Our previous study has shown that vestibular rehabilitation (VR) is an effective technique to reduce falls in elderly patients. It would be interesting to establish patients' clinical characteristics in which vestibular rehabilitation is expected to be more effective.

Aims: Evaluate factors that could modify rehabilitation outcomes in elderly patients with previous falls.

Optimising costs in reducing rate of falls in older people with the improvement of balance by means of vestibular rehabilitation (ReFOVeRe study): a randomized controlled trial comparing computerised dynamic posturography vs mobile vibrotactile posturography system.

Background: Accidental falls, especially for the elderly, are a major health issue. Balance disorders are one of their main causes. Vestibular rehabilitation (VR) has proven to be useful in improving balance of elderly patients with instability.

Vestibular rehabilitation in elderly patients with postural instability: reducing the number of falls-a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Our previous study had shown the effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation (VR) in improving balance in elderly patients, assessed immediately afterwards.

Aims: The main goal of the present study is to consider whether this improvement in balance assessment turns out in a reduction of the number of falls.

Methods: 139 elderly patients with high risk of falls were included and randomized to one of the following study arms: computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) training, optokinetic stimulus, exercises at home or control group.

Short-term effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation in elderly patients with postural instability: a randomized clinical trial.

Balance becomes more precarious with age, and even without pathological disorders, the physiological decline in balance that occurs with age is a factor that also favors falls. So the aim of the present study is to assess the short-term effectiveness of three different methods of vestibular rehabilitation, compared to a control group, in improving balance in elderly patients with postural instability. 139 elderly patients with high risk of falls were included and randomized to one of the following study arms: computer dynamic posturography (CDP) training, optokinetic stimulus, exercises at home, or control group.

Balance Disorders in the Elderly: Does Instability Increase Over Time?

Objectives: To analyze the equilibriometric differences between 2 populations of elderly patients (young elderly and very elderly) with instability induced solely by age.

Methods: Cross-sectional study, with 2 study groups classified according to patient age (cut-points in twenty-fifth and seventy-fifth percentiles of the age of the sample).

Population: 64 patients aged 65 years or more.

Assessment of morbidity in gynaecologic oncology laparoscopy and identification of possible risk factors.

Background: The aim of this study was to ascertain the incidence of and the risk factors associated with morbidity in laparoscopy performed on patients with cervical cancer and endometrial cancer.

Methods: This was an observational study of a cohort of 128 women, 89 with endometrial cancer and 39 with cervical cancer from January 2000 to December 2011. We used the Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables, and the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.

Is there a relationship between short FES-I test scores and objective assessment of balance in the older people with age-induced instability?

Fear of falling (FOF) is a common problem among the elderly. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether there is a correlation between FOF, estimated via the short FES-I test, and objective evaluation of balance in a group of elderly patients with age-related instability. The balance of 139 subjects of more than 65 years of age is evaluated by the timed up and go test and the computerised dynamic posturography (CDP).

Impact of obesity in elderly patients with postural instability.

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess whether obesity affects balance in elderly patients with postural instability.

Study Design: It is a case-control study, with cases defined by BMI ≥30 kg/m(2), and developed in a third level university hospital.

Methods: We included 135 patients aged 65 years old or more who presented postural instability.

Disability perception in Menière's disease: when, how much and why?

The purpose of the study was to evaluate self-perceived handicap in patients with definite Menière's disease (MD). A cross-sectional study was conducted. To examine the self-perception of disability, participants completed a DHI (Dizziness Handicap Inventory).

Reduction of falls in older people by improving balance with vestibular rehabilitation (ReFOVeRe study): design and methods.

Main Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation (VR) to improve the balance in older people, assessed immediately afterwards.

Secondary Objectives: (a) To verify the maintenance of improvement of the balance achieved in the medium term (6-12 months). (b) To consider whether this improvement results in a reduction in the number of falls.

The Loss of p16 Expression Worsens the Prognosis of OSCC.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasia of the mouth. Downregulation of p16(INK4a) (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) has been reported for mouth cancer and it is believed that its inactivation is an early event in oral carcinogenesis. The goal of this article is to quantitatively report expression of p16(INK4a) and the state of methylation in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and evaluate its relationship with the clinical and prognostic factors, in addition to setting out a multivariate model that predicts survival.

Can we predict the risk of falls in elderly patients with instability?

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether clinical and instrumental examination of balance can predict the risk of falls in elderly patients with instability.

Study Design: It is a case control study, with cases defined by falls in the last year, developed in a third level university hospital.

Patients: Seventy patients aged 65 years or more who met at least one of the following inclusion criteria: (a) at least one fall in the last year; (b) spend more than 15s during the timed up and go test (TUG); (c) a score of less than 68% average balance in the sensory organisation test (SOT) of the computerised dynamic posturography (CDP); or (d) at least one fall in the CDP-SOT.

Impact of subject's position and acoustic stimulus type on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in normal subjects.

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are currently considered a diagnostic tool for studying the vestibular system, specifically the saccule and inferior vestibular nerve. This prospective study aimed at evaluating the impact of patient position and type of acoustic stimulus on VEMPs results using 60 healthy subjects who underwent otoscopy, pure tone audiometry and VEMPs in different conditions affecting their position and the type of acoustic stimulus. Corrected amplitude is significantly greater when the patient is seated and latency difference and amplitude asymmetry do not change with either patient position or type of stimulus.

Factors affecting peri-implant bone loss: a post-five-year retrospective study.

Introduction: Although peri-implant bone loss is one of the parameters included in the criteria for determining implant success, its prevention is of vital importance. The goal of this article is to assess the factors that affect peri-implant bone loss.

Material And Methods: An observational, longitudinal, retrospective study was conducted in 148 partially edentulous patients rehabilitated with implants and with a follow-up period of 5 years or more.

Is there a relationship between objective and subjective assessment of balance in elderly patients with instability?

To assess whether a subjective questionnaire that measures the disability caused by balance disorders in daily life activities is correlated to objective assessment of balance in elderly patients with age-related instability. We included 37 subjects aged 65 years or more who presented balance disorders induced solely by age. Balance assessment was through the sensory organisation test and limits of stability of computerised dynamic posturography, the SwayStar system and the modified timed up and go test.

Method to calculate the protamine dose necessary for reversal of heparin as a function of activated clotting time in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Activated clotting time (ACT) has been used to monitor coagulation and guide management of anticoagulation control in patients undergoing cardiac surgery for decades. However, reversal of heparin with protamine is typically empirically based on total heparin administered. Dose-related adverse effects of protamine are well described.

Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) cut-off values and the metabolic syndrome in a general adult population: effect of gender and age: EPIRCE cross-sectional study.

Background: Insulin resistance has been associated with metabolic and hemodynamic alterations and higher cardio metabolic risk. There is great variability in the threshold homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels to define insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of age and gender in the estimation of HOMA-IR optimal cut-off values to identify subjects with higher cardio metabolic risk in a general adult population.

Strategy to estimate risk progression of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular risk, and referral to nephrology: the EPIRCE Study.

Background: Although the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is 10–14%, several prospective studies note a low rate of progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in stages 3 and 4. A correct classification of risk of progression, based on demonstrated predictive factors, would allow better management of CKD. Recent studies have demonstrated the high predictive value of a classification that combines estimated (e) glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR).

The role of p21Waf1/CIP1 as a Cip/Kip type cell-cycle regulator in oral squamous cell carcinoma (Review).

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is biologically characterized by the accumulation of multiple genetic and molecular alterations that end up clinically characterized as a malignant neoplasm through a phenomenon known as multistep. The members of the Cip/Kip family, specifically p21Waf1/CIP1, are responsible for cell cycle control, blocking the transition from phase G1 to phase S. We made a search of articles of peer-reviewed Journals in PubMed/ Medline, crossing the keywords.

Correlation between bithermal caloric test results and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in normal subjects.

Unlabelled: Bithermal caloric testing and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are both diagnostic tools for the study of the vestibular system. The first tests the horizontal semicircular canal and the second evaluates the saccule and lower vestibular nerve. The results of these two tests can therefore be expected to be correlated.

Expression of CA-IX is associated with advanced stage tumors and poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Introduction: Carbonic anhydrases (CAs), a group of ubiquitously expressed metalloenzymes, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenicity. Specifically, CA-IX has been primarily found in hypoxic tumor tissues.

Material And Methods: This is a retrospective study of tumors from the Tissue Bank of the Pathology Department of the University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela.

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in oral squamous cell carcinomas - a therapeutic target?

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteases responsible for remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) and enabling spreading and metastasis of tumor cells, a common phenomenon in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). They are strongly blocked by several inhibitors, among which we must highlight, for their specificity and potency, the endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1, -2, -3 and -4). The goal of this paper is to describe the expression of TIMPs in OSCC, determining their relation with clinical, histological and prognostic factors, delving into OSCC regulation mechanisms and discussing the use of exogenous TIMPs to treat this type of tumors.

The role of carbonic anhydrase IX in hypoxia control in OSCC.

Tumoral microenvironments play a key role in the evolution of solid tumors. Tumor hypoxia is actively involved in the promotion of genetic instability, the invasive capacity of tumor cells, metastasis, and a worsening of the clinical evolution. Endogenous hypoxia markers are controlled by hypoxia-related genes, formed by HIF-1, which is related to several target genes that involve the energy metabolism, angiogenesis, and transmembrane carbonic anhydrases (CAs), mainly CA-IX that is one of the tumor-related carbonic anhydrases.