Neuroinflammatory Findings of Corneal Confocal Microscopy in Long COVID-19 Patients, 2 Years after Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Objective: To describe corneal confocal microscopy findings in patients with long COVID-19 with persistent symptoms over 20 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study that included a total of 88 patients; 60 patients with Long COVID-19 and 28 controls. Long COVID-19 diagnosis was established according to the World Health Organization criteria.

Update on Corneal Confocal Microscopy Imaging.

In vivo corneal confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a non-invasive ophthalmic imaging technique that provides images of the cornea at the cellular level. Despite the uses in ocular surface pathologies, in the last decades IVCM has been used to provide more knowledge in refractive surgery wound healing, in neuropathies diagnosis, etc. The observation of the corneal cells, both normal and inflammatory, and the possibility of quantification of the corneal nerve density with manual or automated tools, makes IVCM have a significant potential to improve the diagnosis and prognosis in several systemic and corneal conditions.

Corneal Confocal Analysis after Scleral Lens Wear in Keratoconus Patients: A Pilot Study.

Significance: Scleral lenses rely on the scleroconjunctival region without bearing the cornea, which could improve the symptoms and modify the corneal nerve plexus morphology.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate symptoms and changes in corneal nerve plexus morphology and density of Langerhans cells in keratoconus patients with and without intrastromal corneal ring before and after scleral lens wear.

Methods: Sixteen scleral lens wearers with keratoconus were recruited for this short-term experimental pilot study.

Is contact lens discomfort related to meibomian gland morphology?

Purpose: To examine the relationship between contact lens (CL) discomfort and meibomian gland (MG) morphology assessed by a semi-objective software in subjects without an alteration of MG function (meibum quality and expressibility).

Methods: Nineteen symptomatic (CLDEQ-8 ≥ 12) CL wearers, 19 asymptomatic (CLDEQ-8 < 12) wearers, and 22 non-wearers were recruited. Upper and lower eyelid meibography images were taken and the following parameters were analysed using a semi-objective software in the central 2/3 of each eyelid: number of MG, number of partial MG, percentage of MG loss and percentage of tortuosity.

Corneal Confocal Microscopy Findings in Neuro Lyme Disease: A Case Report.

Neuro Lyme disease is caused by several bacteriae of the Borreliaceae family, such as Borrelia Miyamotoi. In late stages of illness, patients with Lyme disease may develop chronic neurologic symptoms such as cognitive disturbances or small fiber peripheral neuropathy. Confocal microscopy is a non-invasive method designed to evaluate the human cornea in vivo.

Interdevice agreement in the measurement of physiognomy parameters and frame angles to prescribe progressive addition lenses.

Clinical Relevance: Ophthalmic lens adaptation requires accurate measurements of physiognomy parameters and frame angles, with a great impact on subject vision, especially when personalised progressive addition lenses are prescribed.

Background: The aim of this study is to describe interdevice agreement between different methods and traditional methods (frame ruler).

Methods: The agreement of the interpupillary distance, nasopupillary distance and fitting point height measured with four devices (PD-5, OptiCenter, Visioffice and a frame ruler) and of pantoscopic and frame wrap angles measured with three devices (OptiCenter, Visioffice and Essilor standard ruler) was assessed in 21 healthy volunteers, by a Bland-Altman analysis; mean difference and limits of agreement (LoA) were calculated.

Ocular Surface Pathology in Patients Suffering from Mercury Intoxication.

Purpose: To report the ocular surface pathology of patients suffering from acute/subacute mercury vapor intoxication.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Male workers intoxicated with inorganic mercury referred for ophthalmic involvement and healthy control subjects.

Comparison of physiognomy and frame angle parameters using different devices to prescribe progressive addition lenses.

Clinical Relevance: Accurate measurement of several physiognomy parameters (interpupillary, nasopupillary and fitting height distances) and frame angles (pantoscopic and frame wrap angles) is essential for prescribing progressive addition lenses for presbyopic patients.

Background: Few reports have described the repeatability of different devices commonly used to conduct essential measurements for prescribing progressive addition lenses.

Methods: Interpupillary, nasopupillary (at far and near distances) and fitting point heights were measured three consecutive times in 21 healthy volunteers with four devices (traditional frame ruler, PD-5 interpupilometer, OptiCenter, and VisiOffice).

Effect of Laser-assisted Subepithelial Keratectomy with Mitomycin C on Corneal Optical Density Measured with Confocal Microscopy.

Significance: The development of confocal microscopy allows one to obtain high-resolution corneal images like its optical density. Some studies have evaluated the optical density with Scheimpflug cameras in the early post-operative period after photorefractive keratectomy, but no studies have evaluated the long-term evolution of optical density after surface ablation when mitomycin C is used.

Purpose: This work aimed to study the changes in corneal optical density measured with confocal microscopy in eyes treated with laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) and intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) to correct myopia.

Repeatability and agreement of intraocular pressure measurement among three tonometers.

Background: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the causes of irreversible optic nerve head damage and visual field loss. It is often measured with applanation tonometers but the use of rebound tonometry devices has been proposed as an alternative to assess IOP. Rebound tonometers have also been proposed as a method for patients to measure their own intraocular pressure (that is, self-tonometry).

Long-term corneal subbasal nerve plexus regeneration after laser in situ keratomileusis.

Purpose: To analyze the recovery of the subbasal nerve plexus in corneas treated with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) at least 10 years prior compared with nonoperated corneas.

Setting: Clínica Novovisión, Madrid, Spain.

Design: Prospective nonrandomized observational study.

Binocular and accommodative function in the controlled randomized clinical trial MiSight® Assessment Study Spain (MASS).

Purpose: To evaluate the binocular and accommodative function in children wearing dual focus (DF) MiSight® contact lenses (CLs) for myopia control compared with children wearing single-vision (SV) spectacles.

Methods: This was a randomized, controlled clinical trial involving subjects aged 8 to 12, with myopia ranging from - 0.75 to - 4.

Reliability of Blotting Techniques to Assess Contact Lens Water Content.

Objectives: To determine the reliability of wet and modified dry blotting techniques used in the gravimetric method to assess contact lens (CL) water content (WC), the accuracy of both techniques in comparison with the nominal WC, and also their agreement.

Methods: We evaluated hydrated and dry CL mass values and WC using the gravimetric method in 440 daily disposable CLs. Samples assessed corresponded to Dailies Total 1, Dailies AquaComfort Plus, 1-Day Acuvue TruEye, and Biotrue ONEday.

Are Contact Lens Discomfort or Soft Contact Lens Material Properties Associated with Alterations in the Corneal Sub-Basal Nerve Plexus?

Purpose: To study whether contact lens (CL) discomfort and some properties of soft CL materials are associated with alterations in the nerve fibers morphology and density of dendritic cells of the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus.

Materials And Methods: Forty soft CL wearers and 20 non-CL wearers were included. The Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-short form was administered to divide CL wearers based on their symptoms (20 symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic CL wearers were included).

Visual outcomes and management after corneal refractive surgery: A review.

Corneal refractive surgery procedures are widely performed to permanently correct refractive errors. Overall, refractive surgeries are safe, predictable and present high rates of satisfaction. Nevertheless, the induced epithelial, stromal and nerve damage alters corneal integrity and function, triggering a regenerative response.

Comparison of keratocyte density after femtosecond laser vs mechanical microkeratome from 3 months up to 5 years after LASIK.

Background: To compare keratocyte density after mechanical microkeratome LASIK (MK-LASIK) and femtosecond-laser assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK).

Methods: We performed a prospective study of myopic patients that underwent MK-LASIK or FS-LASIK. We measured keratocyte density 3 and 15 months, and 3-5 years after the surgery using confocal microscopy, and compared them with healthy, non-operated corneas.

Keratocyte density 3 months, 15 months, and 3 years after corneal surface ablation with mitomycin C.

Purpose: To study the effects of surface ablation with mitomycin C (MMC) on keratocyte population.

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, interventional, comparative case series.

Methods: Thirty two eyes treated with surface ablation with 0.

Keratocyte density after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy with mitomycin C.

Purpose: To study the effects of laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) with mitomycin C (MMC) on the keratocyte population.

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized, interventional, comparative case series.

Methods: Fifty-six eyes treated at Vissum Santa Hortensia, Madrid, Spain, were included in the study.