[Cardiometabolic risk in children with severe obesity].

Introduction: severe obesity has had a greater increase than non-severe obesity in Chilean schoolchildren during the last years. We do not know whether the cut-off point currently used to define severe obesity in children (BMI ≥ + 3 DE, WHO-2007 curves) is associated with a greater biological risk in our population. Objective: to describe and compare cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren with severe vs.

[Breastfeeding, obesity and metabolic syndrome at school age].

Introduction: Breastfeeding (BF) can be a protective factor against obesity and its associated metabolic complications.

Objective: To determine the association between breastfeeding history and present obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance (IR).

Patients And Methods: Cross-sectio nal study in 20 public schools in Santiago, Chile.

Physical activity in the classroom to prevent childhood obesity: a pilot study in Santiago, Chile.

This paper describes a 4-month pilot study that tested the suitability of a physical activity intervention for first graders (children aged 6 and 7 years) in a public school in Santiago, Chile. Teachers were trained to deliver the programme in the classroom during the school day. Teachers were surveyed to determine if this intervention fit within their curriculum and classroom routines and they reported in a focus group that it was suitable for them.

Micro-RNAs Let7e and 126 in Plasma as Markers of Metabolic Dysfunction in 10 to 12 Years Old Children.

Background: Growing evidence shows that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is already starting in childhood however there is no consensus regarding how to diagnose this condition in pediatric population. Studies in adults show that altered levels of specific micro-RNAs are related with components of the MetS.

Objective: We determined the plasma levels of four MetS-associated micro-RNAs (miR-126, miR-132, mir-145 and Let-7e) in 10 to 12 years old children with or without MetS traits.

Metabolic syndrome and its components are strongly associated with an inflammatory state and insulin resistance in the pediatric population.

Introduction: Endothelial inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) begin in childhood and constitute the pathophysiological basis of Metabolic Syndrome (MS). The increase levels in plasma of inflammatory markers such as high sensitive PCR (hsPCR), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and tests suggestive of IR such as Insulin (Ins) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) have been associated with MS in adults, but have not been studied in children.

Objectives: Correlate the presence of MS and its components with the inflammatory and IR markers seen in the pediatric population.

[Waist-to-height ratio does not change with gender, age and pubertal stage in elementary school children].

Background: Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is a cardiometabolic risk indicator in children. A value greater than or equal to 0.55 is an effective screening tool for identifying obese children with metabolic syndrome.

Associations of prenatal growth with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and nutritional status in Chilean children.

Introduction: The association of prenatal growth with nutritional status, metabolic syndrome (MS), and insulin resistance (IR) was studied in school-age children.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was designed linking present data of children with perinatal records. 3325 subjects were enrolled.

[Nutritional status, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in children from Santiago (Chile)].

Background: The origin of most non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is in early life. Consequently obtaining information on risk factors for NCDs is important for preventive purposes. However, there is no information available on the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance (IR) in Chilean children.

[Subclinical atheroesclerosis and metabolic syndrome in children].

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) in children has been associated to subclinical atherosclerosis as estimated by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).

Objectives: We aim to ascertain the influence of MS, insulin resistance (IR) and nutritional status on CIMT. Percentiles with an increased risk of CIMT were also explored.

[Blood lipids in Chilean children 10-14 years of age].

Introduction And Objectives: Plasma lipid levels in children and adolescents are evaluated with international references. The objective was to describe them in Chilean students, to compare them with the most used reference (Lipids Research Clinics Program) and the cut-off points recommended in 2011.

Methods: Cross-sectional study in 3325 children, 10 to 14 years of age.

[Association of carotid intima media thickness with blood pressure and HDL cholesterol in children].

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors must be controlled since childhood.

Aim: To assess the association of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) with the components of the metabolic syndrome in Children.

Material And Methods: Cross sectional assessment of 299 children aged 11.

[Total/HDL cholesterol ratio and non HDL cholesterol as predictors for increased intima media thickness].

Background: LDL, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, are the most commonly used lipid cardiovascular risk predictor indicators. However population based studies have shown that non-HDL cholesterol and total/HDL cholesterol ratio are better predictors, are easy to measure and do not require fasting.

Aim: To determine which lipid indicators are better determinants of subclinical atherosclerosis, measured by intima media thickness (IMT) among subjects without demonstrated atherosclerosis.

[Normal plasma insulin and HOMA values among Chilean children and adolescents].

Background: Plasma insulin and HOMA (homeostasis model assessment) index, used to determine insulin resistance, do not have local standard values for children and adolescents in Chile.

Aim: To establish the normal reference intervals for insulin and HOMA in children and adolescents aged 10-15 years, according to sex and puberal maturation.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study of 2,153 children and adolescents from Puente Alto County was performed, during 2009 and 2010.

[Cardiovascular risk factors among young subjects with high carotid intima media thickness].

Background: Cardiovascular risk factor (RF) assessment is essential to prevent and predict cardiovascular disease. The presence of RF at early ages, are determinant for the presence of atherosclerosis later in life.

Aim: To determine the RF profile of young subjects with high carotid intima media thickness (CIMT).

[Risk factors for a high carotid intima media thickness among healthy adults].

Background: Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is a marker of cardiovascular damage that can be modified by traditional risk factors.

Aim: To determine attributable risk factors for a high CIMT among healthy adults.

Material And Methods: A sample of 1270 individuals (636 males and 634 females) aged 44 ± 11 years, was studied.

[Association between a cardiovascular risk score and early markers of atherosclerotic disease in Chilean children].

Background: A cardiovascular risk score for children, that includes traditional risk factors, obesity, sedentary habits and a family history of cardiovascular disease, has been recently proposed by Spanish researchers.

Aim: To apply this score in school age children in Santiago de Chile and correlate its results with markers of subclinical atherosclerotic disease.

Material And Methods: Retrospective analysis of data obtained from 209 children, aged 11.

[Waist height ratio, ultrasensitive c reactive protein and metabolic syndrome in children].

Background: Waist to height ratio and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein are predictors of the presence of the metabolic syndrome in children.

Aim: To determine the proportional risk of metabolic syndrome component clustering in children, using waist to height ratio and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein.

Material And Methods: Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, fasting serum lipid profile, blood glucose and ultrasensitive C-reactive protein were determined in 209 children aged 11.

Self-reported drug allergies and the diagnostic work-up in the surgical population.

Objective: The diagnostic work-up of a drug hypersensitivity reaction is indeed difficult. In general, medical documentation of allergic reactions in medical reports is usually highly deficient or non-existent. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of self-reported drug allergies in the surgical population as well as the criteria used in the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions.

[Early markers for atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome in children].

Background: The high prevalence of obesity in children favors the appearance of metabolic syndrome (MS), increasing their cardiovascular risk.

Aim: To evaluate components of MS in children and to correlate them with surrogate markers of atherosclerosis and subclinical inflammation.

Material And Methods: We studied 209 children aged 11.

Adiponectin levels, cardiometabolic risk factors and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in children.

Background: Low levels of adiponectin have been associated with metabolic risk factors (RF) and cardiac disease. Minimal data is available about the relationship between adiponectin and subclinical atherosclerosis.

Objectives: To determine the relationship of adiponectin to cardiometabolic RF, C-reactive protein (CRP), anthropometric parameters of obesity, and subclinical atherosclerosis in children.

Association of perinatal factors and obesity in 6- to 8-year-old Chilean children.

Background: It has been reported in Chile that obesity figures in children of 6- to 8-years-old are associated with height for age. We studied the possible influence of perinatal variables on obesity at 6- to 8-years-old controlling for height for age.

Methods: All children with 6-8 years of age attending first grade in public primary schools of Chile in year 2005 were included.

High sensitivity C-reactive protein and endothelial function in Chilean patients with history of Kawasaki disease.

Kawasaki disease (KD) produces endothelial inflammation, which may lead to dilatation and aneurysms of coronary and peripheral arteries. Previous studies have suggested that these patients can present endothelial dysfunction that can predispose to coronary vascular events late after KD. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardiovascular risk profile and endothelial function of Chilean children with history of KD.

[Relationship of C-reactive protein to adiposity, cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy children].

Introduction And Objectives: In adults, C-reactive protein is a marker of cardiovascular risk. It is associated with both classical and metabolic risk factors and is a predictor of cardiovascular events. The aim was to investigate the relationship of the C-reactive protein concentration to classical cardiovascular risk factors, measures of adiposity subclinical atherosclerosis in children.

[Immediate results of palliative surgery for different forms of univentricular heart using the Norwood procedure].

Background: Norwood procedure is used as the first stage in the palliative treatment of the hypoplastic heart syndrome and can be used, with some technical modifications, in other forms of univentricular heart with aortic stenosis or hypoplasia. These patients have a high mortality (50%), derived from the procedure itself and from their abnormal physiological status.

Aim: To report our experience with the Norwood procedure.

[Effects of tilt test and beta-adrenergic stimulation on the QT interval in normal children and pediatric patients with unexplained syncope].

In normal children, any procedure that increases heart rate, such as the tilt test, may shorten the QT interval. The effect of the tilt test on QT interval in children with syncope remains unknown. We analyzed the response of RR and QT intervals during a tilt test in 3 groups of children: 28 healthy children (group 1), 26 with syncope of unknown etiology and negative tilt test results (group 2), and 17 with vasovagal syncope (group 3).