Non-Classical monocytes display inflammatory features: Validation in Sepsis and Systemic Lupus Erythematous.

Given the importance of monocytes in pathogenesis of infectious and other inflammatory disorders, delineating functional and phenotypic characterization of monocyte subsets has emerged as a critical requirement. Although human monocytes have been subdivided into three different populations based on surface expression of CD14 and CD16, published reports suffer from contradictions with respect to subset phenotypes and function. This has been attributed to discrepancies in reliable gating strategies for flow cytometric characterization and purification protocols contributing to significant changes in receptor expression.

Striatal dopamine level contributes to hydroxyl radical generation and subsequent neurodegeneration in the striatum in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced Huntington's disease in rats.

We tested the hypothesis that dopamine contributes significantly to the hydroxyl radical (OH)-induced striatal neurotoxicity caused by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) in a rat model of Huntington's disease. Dopamine (10-100 microM) or 3-NP (10-1000 microM) individually caused a significant increase in the generation of hydroxyl radical (OH) in the mitochondria, which was synergistically enhanced when the lowest dose of the neurotoxin (10 microM) and dopamine (100 microM) were present together. Similarly, systemic administration of l-DOPA (100-250 mg/kg) and a low dose of 3-NP (10 mg/kg) potentiated OH generation in the striatum, and the rats exhibited significant decrease in stride length, a direct indication of neuropathology.