Importance of Blood Glucose Management Before F-FDG PET/CT in 322 Patients with Bacteremia of Unknown Origin.

We investigated the effects of blood glucose levels on the performance of F-FDG PET/CT for detecting an infection focus in patients with bacteremia. A total of 322 consecutive patients with bacteremia who underwent F-FDG PET/CT between 2010 and 2021 were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between finding a true-positive infection focus on F-FDG PET/CT and blood glucose level, type of diabetes, and use of hypoglycemic medication.

Limitations and Pitfalls of FDG-PET/CT in Infection and Inflammation.

White blood cells activated by either a pathogen or as part of a systemic inflammatory disease are characterized by high energy consumption and are therefore taking up the glucose analogue PET tracer FDG avidly. It is therefore not surprising that a steadily growing body of research and clinical reports now supports the use of FDG PET/CT to diagnose a wide range of patients with non-oncological diseases. However, using FDG PET/CT in patients with infectious or inflammatory diseases has some limitations and potential pitfalls that are not necessarily as pronounced in oncology FDG PET/CT.

FDG-PET/CT in intensive care patients with bloodstream infection.

Background: 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is an advanced imaging technique that can be used to examine the whole body for an infection focus in a single examination in patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) of unknown origin. However, literature on the use of this technique in intensive care patients is scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of FDG-PET/CT in intensive care patients with BSI.

PET/CT Imaging for Personalized Management of Infectious Diseases.

Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a nuclear imaging technique which is increasingly being used in infectious diseases. Because infection foci often consume more glucose than surrounding tissue, most infections can be diagnosed with PET/CT using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG), an analogue of glucose labeled with Fluorine-18. In this review, we discuss common infectious diseases in which FDG-PET/CT is currently applied including bloodstream infection of unknown origin, infective endocarditis, vascular graft infection, spondylodiscitis, and cyst infections.

Clinical implications of increased uptake in bone marrow and spleen on FDG-PET in patients with bacteremia.

Purpose: To investigate which clinical factors and laboratory values are associated with high FDG uptake in the bone marrow and spleen on 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in patients with bacteremia.

Methods: One hundred forty-five consecutive retrospective patients with bacteremia who underwent FDG-PET/CT between 2010 and 2017 were included. Mean standard uptake values (SUV) of FDG in bone marrow, liver, and spleen were measured.

Role of FDG-PET/CT in children with fever of unknown origin.

Purpose: To determine the role of F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) in children with fever of unknown origin (FUO).

Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 110 children (0-18 years) with FUO who underwent FDG-PET/CT between 2010 and 2019. The diagnostic value of FDG-PET/CT for identifying cause of fever was calculated, treatment modifications after FDG-PET/CT were assessed, and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify clinical and biochemical factors associated with FDG-PET/CT outcome.

FDG-PET/CT for Detecting an Infection Focus in Patients With Bloodstream Infection: Factors Affecting Diagnostic Yield.

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic performance of F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET/ CT for the detection of an infection focus in patients with a bloodstream infection (BSI) and to identify factors influencing the diagnostic yield of FDG-PET/CT.

Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 185 consecutive patients with a BSI who underwent an FDG-PET/CT scan for the detection of an infection focus between 2010 and 2017. The final diagnosis at hospital discharge was used as reference standard.

F-FDG PET/CT in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients with Suspected Cyst Infection.

The objective of this study was to determine the value of F-FDG PET/CT for diagnosing renal or hepatic cyst infection in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This retrospective, single-center study included all patients who had ADPKD and underwent F-FDG PET/CT because of suspected cyst infection between 2010 and 2017. Thirty F-FDG PET/CT scans of 30 individual patients were included; 19 of them had positive results for cyst infection.

FDG-PET/CT for diagnosis of cyst infection in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Purpose: Cyst infections are a common complication in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Diagnosing these infections often remains challenging. Conventional imaging techniques such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and standard magnetic resonance imaging have several drawbacks and disadvantages.

Acute flaccid paralysis in South African children: Causes, respiratory complications and neurological outcome.

Aim: To describe the causes, clinical presentation and neurological outcome of acute flaccid paralysis in children.

Methods: A retrospective study in a tertiary paediatric hospital in South Africa. Data on clinical presentation, respiratory complications and long-term neurological outcomes of children presenting with acute flaccid paralysis were collected.

FDG-PET/CT as a New Method for Diagnosis and Whole-Body Evaluation of Lemierre Syndrome.

Lemierre syndrome is a rare disease that is defined by a pharyngeal infection, complicated by septicemia and internal jugular vein thrombosis followed by septic emboli. Because of its rarity, a delay in diagnosis is not uncommon. However, given the mortality rate of approximately 2%, prompt diagnosis and detection of septic emboli are essential to initiate prompt treatment, preventing organ damage and ongoing sepsis.

[Low flux dialysate daily home hemodialysis: A result for the 62 first French and Belgian patients].

Since 2011, a new device is available for low flux dialysate quotidian home hemodialysis in France and Belgium. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics and dialysis prescriptions for Nx Stage System One™ users. We retrospectively included patients trained between 2011 and 2013 in France and Belgium.

Deposition of nucleosomal antigens (histones and DNA) in the epidermal basement membrane in human lupus nephritis.

Objective: Antinuclear autoantibodies complexed to nucleosomes can bind to heparan sulfate (HS) in the glomerular basement membrane. This binding is due to the binding of the positively charged histones to the strongly anionic HS. Nucleosomes and histones have been identified in glomerular deposits in human lupus nephritis.

Glucose-induced fibronectin and collagen type III expression in renal fibroblasts can occur independent of TGF-beta1.

Background: Various renal cell types have been shown to contribute to the excessive matrix deposition observed in diabetic nephropathy. The present study examined the effect of high ambient glucose and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) on matrix production by human renal fibroblasts.

Methods: Human renal fibroblasts (TK173) were used to examine the effects of high glucose and TGF-beta1 on fibronectin and collagen type III expression.

Impact of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with end-stage renal failure due to type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Mortality in type 1 diabetic patients with end-stage renal failure is high and dominated by coronary atherosclerotic events. With regard to prognosis, simultaneous transplantation of pancreas and kidney (SPK) may be superior to kidney transplantation alone (KTA) in type 1 diabetic patients, because normalization of blood glucose levels may reduce progression of coronary atherosclerosis and because it is well known that progression of coronary atherosclerosis is one of the major factors that determines clinical prognosis. However, no data are available on progression of coronary atherosclerosis after SPK.

Successful outcome with a "quintuple approach" of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

Background: The treatment of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) remains empirical. We review our treatment of seven cases of PTLD consisting of five interventions: 1) reduction of immunosuppression; 2) antiviral drugs; 3) interferon-alpha; 4) gamma-globulins; and 5) anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies. METHODS AND RESULTS; Seven consecutive patients who had undergone a simultaneous pancreas-kidney, liver, heart, or kidney transplantation were treated.

Insulin secretion and sensitivity after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation estimated by continuous infusion of glucose with model assessment.

Background: Monitoring of insulin secretion and sensitivity after pancreas transplantation remains a practical problem.

Methods: We introduced the simple structural model, continuous infusion of glucose with model assessment (CIGMA), to obtain insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity estimations after 35 successful simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantations. Eighteen non-diabetic kidney transplant recipients were used as control group.

[Gastrointestinal surgery and gastroenterology. II. Transplantation of pancreas].

In patients with type I diabetes mellitus, adequate blood glucose control prevents the development or aggravation of late complications. Apart from administration of insulin, transplantation of insulin-producing tissue is also a possibility. Transplantation of Langerhans islets which contain the insulin-producing beta cells is still in its initial phase.

Effect of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation on mortality of patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal failure.

Background: Long-term prognosis of patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal failure appears to be better after kidney transplantation compared with dialysis. Controversy exists about the additional benefit of a simultaneously transplanted pancreatic graft. We studied the effect on mortality of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation compared with kidney transplantation alone from regional differences in transplantation protocols.