[A hypothesis about resorptive cellular resistance as a special form of antimicrobial host protection].

The ability of macrophages to phagocyte granulocyte debris ("cleaning" reaction) is evolutionary developed and represents the mechanism of cellular resistance preceding immunity. Activation of the mononuclear phagocyte system and acquisition by the macrophages of the capacity to the intracellular chlamydia destruction as well as other infectious agents parasitizing in the intact cells occurs in the process of the granulocyte debris phagocytosis. This phenomenon termed by the author as a resorptive cellular resistance is one of host barrier mechanisms.

[The molecular level of general pathological processes].

The knowledge of the molecular level of the general pathologic processes is a prerequisite for new concepts realized in the practice. The molecular destructive processes, programmed cell death and inflammation are considered as examples. The hypothesis of the catastrophe of errors is reviewed, the results of studies on the limited proteolysis reaction as well as intracellular destructive processes compatible with the life of cell are summarized.

[Age-related immunodeficiencies of the neutrophilic granulocyte system].

Transitory age-associated deficiency of the granulocyte cationic proteins as a cause of a phagocytosis disturbance, loss of the phagocyte cell ability to kill phagocytosed bacteria is established. Quantitative indexes of myeloperoxidase content, elastase and catepsin G in the neutrophil granulocytes of newborns and laboratory animals are determined. Hypothesis is developed on the transitory age-associated immunodeficiencies of the neutrophil granulocyte system as one of the endogenic risk factors in the development of infectious diseases during early postnatal period.

Haematological reactions of rabbits infected intravenously with Listeria strains of different virulence.

Listeria strains of different virulence were injected intravenously into rabbits of both sexes (2-4 kg). The infectious dose was 10(8) cells/kg. Blood samples were taken from the ear wein one day and immediately before the infection, then 3 h, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 10 days after it.

[Cationic proteins from neutrophils as inhibitors of nonenzymatic fibrinolytic and anticoagulant activity of blood plasma].

Two cation proteins free of enzymatic activity, containing one and four peptides (CP-1 and CP-4, respectively), were studied. The cation protein consisting of four peptides proved to be the most effective inhibitor of the nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity of heparin-containing complexes. Both these cation proteins inhibited similarly the anticoagulation activity of blood plasma.

[A method for evaluating a diagnostic inflammatory focus by using the "cold test"].

Clinico-morphological test for the quantitative evaluation of exudative and cell response in the diagnostical inflammatory focus in various forms of human pathology is developed. The values in practically healthy persons are established. The possibilities of the test use for the prognosis of disease and the development of postoperative complications in patients with cold trauma are shown.

[The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the mechanisms of ulcerogenesis].

The functional activity displayed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PL) of the peripheral blood and gastric mucosa, including ulcer margins, was studied in 50 rabbits with ulcer experimentally induced by the Okabe method and in 25 intact animals. The peripheral blood PLs were found to show substantially increased lysosomal cation proteins (LCP), enhanced alkaline phosphatase and decreased peroxidase activity. The changes in the gastric mucosa, particularly in its damaged area, were characterized by a marked microcirculatory bed response and formation of lymphocytic and, later on, pronounced neutrophilic infiltrates.

[Degree of structural homology of lactoferrins from milk and neutrophilic granulocytes].

Some physico-chemical properties of human and pig lactoferrins from milk and neutrophilic granulocytes were compared. It was shown that the lactoferrins from different cell and tissue sources of the same species (humans or pigs) are identical in terms of electrophoretic mobility, molecular weight, iron-binding capacity, absorbance spectra, amino acid and sugar compositions and peptide maps. Human and pig lactoferrins show a high degree of structural homology (approximately 50%), but are immunochemically different.

[Effect of UV radiation and the autotransfusion of UV-irradiated blood on the content of cationic proteins in the neutrophilic granulocytes of calves].

A study was made of the influence of UV-irradiation (254 nm) of blood in vitro, of the autotransfusion of UV-irradiated blood (AUVIB), and of the mixture of UV-irradiated and intact blood in vitro on the content of bactericidal cation proteins (CP) in blood neutrophil of calves suffered from dyspepsia and broncho-pneumonia. Age differences were noticed in CP contents and their decrease in neutrophils following AUVIB in vivo and administration of the mixture of blood in vitro. The decrease in cell CP contents is presumably due to neutrophil degranulation and CP release into the blood plasma.

[A method for assessing the lysosomal secretory activity of neutrophilic granulocytes using a diagnostic focus of inflammation].

Lysosomal secretion of neutrophilic granulocytes has been studied in normal subjects (healthy males and females aged 20-50), pregnant women and burnt patients. A significant rise in lysosomal secretory activity of neutrophilic granulocytes was recorded in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Low lysosomal secretion can serve an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with a severe burn trauma.

[Express evaluation of the severity of the course of lactation mastitis].

The authors consider that quantitative and qualitative characteristics of phagocytosis can be given with the help of lysosomal-cationic test (LCT) at different periods of acute purulent lactation mastitis. LCT gives prognosis of the course of the disease and a reliable estimation of the treatment efficiency.

[Clinico-morphological tests to assess the function of neutrophilic granulocytes].

Clinico-morphological tests for the estimation of neutrophil granulocyte function were compared by their reproducibility, reliability and availability for standard clinical laboratories, and the results were analysed. Lysosomal-cationic test was offered for clinical practice, as it gives qualitative and quantitative assessment of the phagocytosis process, allows prediction of complications before their clinical onset, performance of rapid evaluation of the therapy used, reveals shifts in the level of non-specific resistance of the body. Methods of application of lysosomal-cationic test in the pathoanatomic practice have been developed for the study of intravital biopsy samples and surgical material.

[Detection of cationic proteins and peroxidase in semithin sections].

A method of histochemical identification of cationic proteins, peroxidase, viable and killed bacteria in semithin sections of biopsy samples is suggested. The method is based on dying of araldite-embedded semithin sections with a buffered alcohol solution of fast green (pH 8.15) and on peroxidase identification with O-dianisidine.

[Method of staining for lysosomal cationic proteins in histological paraffin sections of biopsies].

A method is suggested for a histochemical and immunofluorescent detection of lysosome cation proteins in the histologic paraffin sections of biopsies. The method is based on the staining of histologic sections obtained from the material fixed in glutaraldehyde buffered with an alcohol solution of a fast green (pH 8.1-8.

[Isolation and physico-chemical properties of lactoferrin from swine neutrophils].

Lactoferrin, a non-heme iron-binding protein was isolated from pig neutrophils. The purification procedure included initial extraction of the protein in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide followed by chromatography on carboxymethyl-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The thus obtained protein was found to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) electrophoresis at acidic values of pH.

[Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages in inflammatory and hypersensitive reactions].

The data of the author's own studies and those from the literature concerning morphological manifestations of antimicrobial activity of cation proteins of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PNL) in phagocytosis and inflammation are summarized. A previously unknown type of secretion of PNL lysosomal proteins termed proexocytosis or pseudo-degranulation is characterized. A hypothesis on formation of nonphagocytic tissue resistance in inflammation foci is proposed.

[Morphologic features of the phagocytosis of filamentous forms of bacteria by neutrophilic granulocytes].

A model system has been developed (B. megaterium + granulocyte) imitating the mechanisms of phagocytosis of filamentous forms of bacteria by neutrophilic granulocytes. In the capture of multicellular microbial filaments by one or several granulocytes predominate the mechanisms of cell membrane invagination and formation of exocytic secretory system providing the inhibition of the activity of the phagocytized agent and release of microbicidal factors and enzymes into the extracellular environment.