Characterization, Formulation, and Toxicity of Plant Oils on Duponchelia fovealis Caterpillars Zeller 1847 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of ginger Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) and soursop Annona muricata Linn (Annonaceae) oils, formulate stable emulsions of these oils separately, as well as neem oil Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), and evaluate the insecticidal activity of these emulsions against Duponchelia fovealis Zeller, 1847 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Each stable emulsion contained an oil phase containing ginger, soursop, or neem oil, a fruit polyalcohol-based emulsifier, ethanol, or water.

Neural precursor cells rescue symptoms of Rett syndrome by activation of the Interferon γ pathway.

The beneficial effects of Neural Precursor Cell (NPC) transplantation in several neurological disorders are well established and they are generally mediated by the secretion of immunomodulatory and neurotrophic molecules. We therefore investigated whether Rett syndrome (RTT), that represents the first cause of severe intellectual disability in girls, might benefit from NPC-based therapy. Using in vitro co-cultures, we demonstrate that, by sensing the pathological context, NPC-secreted factors induce the recovery of morphological and synaptic defects typical of Mecp2 deficient neurons.

Protocol for separation of fungal extracellular vesicles using ultracentrifugation from solid medium cultures.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified in diverse fungi, including human pathogens. In this protocol, we present two techniques for isolating and analyzing fungal EVs. The first is for high-throughput screening, and the second is for yielding concentrated samples suitable for centrifugation-based density gradients.

Traversing the Cell Wall: The Chitinolytic Activity of Extracellular Vesicles Facilitates Their Release.

is the causative agent of histoplasmosis. Treating this fungal infection conventionally has significant limitations, prompting the search for alternative therapies. In this context, fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold relevant potential as both therapeutic agents and targets for the treatment of fungal infections.

Wide distribution of D-xylose dehydrogenase in yeasts reveals a new element in the D-xylose metabolism for bioethanol production.

D-xylose utilization by yeasts is an essential feature for improving second-generation ethanol production. However, industrial yeast strains are incapable of consuming D-xylose. Previous analyzes of D-xylose-consuming or fermenting yeast species reveal that the genomic features associated with this phenotype are complex and still not fully understood.

Vaptans for oedematous and hyponatraemic disorders in childhood: A systematic literature review.

Aims: The aim of this study was to systematically review the use of vaptans (nonpeptide vasopressin receptor antagonists) in children.

Methods: Through a database search (Web of Science, the National Library of Medicine, Excerpta Medica), we identified case series and case reports and extracted clinical and laboratory data.

Results: Twenty-six articles, published since 2008, reported on 226 patients.

Extracellular Vesicles Regulate Biofilm Formation and Yeast-to-Hypha Differentiation in Candida albicans.

In this study, we investigated the influence of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) during biofilm formation and morphogenesis in Candida albicans. Using crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we demonstrated that C. albicans EVs inhibited biofilm formation .

Breast Reconstruction by Exclusive Lipofilling after Total Mastectomy for Breast Cancer: Description of the Technique and Evaluation of Quality of Life.

Background: The objective of this work was to describe the technique of exclusive lipofilling in breast reconstruction after total mastectomy, to evaluate the satisfaction and quality of life of the patients, and to explore current literature on the subject.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational multicentric study from January 2013 to April 2020. The modalities of surgery, esthetic result, and patient satisfaction were evaluated with the breast reconstruction module of BREAST-Q.

Ibuprofen-Associated Hypokalemia and Metabolic Acidosis: Systematic Literature Review.

Objective: Ibuprofen is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which has been occasionally associated with hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis. The objective of this report is to analyze the literature on this issue and to address the underlying pathophysiology.

Data Sources: Excerpta Medica, the National Library of Medicine, and Web of Science were searched from inception to July 16, 2021.

Pseudo-hypoaldosteronism secondary to infantile urinary tract infections: role of ultrasound.

Background: The biochemical hallmarks of transient pseudo-hypoaldosteronism associated with a pyelonephritis include hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and acidosis. We tested if the kidney-urinary tract ultrasound helps in predicting the diagnosis of overt pseudo-hypoaldosteronism in infants with a pyelonephritis.

Cases Presentation: Between 2013 and 2020, we managed 71 previously healthy infants 4 weeks to 24 months of age with a pyelonephritis (42 males and 29 females) and made the biochemical diagnosis of pseudo-hypoaldosteronism in 17 (24%).

Fungal Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Strategy for Vaccine Development.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by virtually all live cells. In fungal organisms, the EVs traverse the cell wall and reach the extracellular environment, where they can interact with host cells and potentially impact the disease outcome. Compositional analyses have demonstrated that fungal EVs carry lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, glycans, nucleic acids, and a diversity of small metabolites.

Management of persistent occiput posterior position: The added value of manual rotation.

Objective: To evaluate the delivery rate in the occiput posterior position according to the result of manual rotation performed in the case of persistent occiput posterior position. Secondary objectives were perinatal outcomes.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted in two French tertiary care units.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals that mTOR pathway can be modulated in macrophage cells by the presence of cryptococcal cells.

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the etiological agents of cryptococcosis, a high mortality disease. The development of such disease depends on the interaction of fungal cells with macrophages, in which they can reside and replicate. In order to dissect the molecular mechanisms by which cryptococcal cells modulate the activity of macrophages, a genome-scale comparative analysis of transcriptional changes in macrophages exposed to Cryptococcus spp.

The paradoxical and still obscure properties of fungal extracellular vesicles.

Early compositional studies of fungal EVs revealed a complex combination of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, glycans, polysaccharides, nucleic acid and pigments, indicating that these compartments could be involved with multiple functions. Curiously, some of the activities attributed to fungal EVs were already attested experimentally and are implicated with contrasting effects in vitro and in vivo. For instance, the presence of virulence factors is correlated with increased pathogenic potential.

β-Glucan-induced reprogramming of human macrophages inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cryopyrinopathies.

Exposure of mononuclear phagocytes to β-glucan, a naturally occurring polysaccharide, contributes to the induction of innate immune memory, which is associated with long-term epigenetic, metabolic, and functional reprogramming. Although previous studies have shown that innate immune memory induced by β-glucan confers protection against secondary infections, its impact on autoinflammatory diseases, associated with inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion, remains poorly understood. In particular, whether β-glucan-induced long-term reprogramming affects inflammasome activation in human macrophages in the context of these diseases has not been explored.

RECURRENCES OF RETINAL DETACHMENT AFTER RETINECTOMY: Causes and Outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the different mechanisms of retinal detachment recurrence after retinectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and to study its outcome and prognosis.

Methods: Retrospective, multicenter study conducted between January 2009 and November 2016. Retrospective review of 56 patients with recurrent RD (RRD) after a first relaxing retinectomy.

Deep learning of spontaneous arousal fluctuations detects early cholinergic defects across neurodevelopmental mouse models and patients.

Neurodevelopmental spectrum disorders like autism (ASD) are diagnosed, on average, beyond age 4 y, after multiple critical periods of brain development close and behavioral intervention becomes less effective. This raises the urgent need for quantitative, noninvasive, and translational biomarkers for their early detection and tracking. We found that both idiopathic (BTBR) and genetic (CDKL5- and MeCP2-deficient) mouse models of ASD display an early, impaired cholinergic neuromodulation as reflected in altered spontaneous pupil fluctuations.

[PALB2, a major susceptibility gene for breast cancer].

Objectives: About 5% of breast cancers are linked to an inherited predisposition, the two most known susceptibility genes being BRCA1 and BRCA2. Recently, new susceptibility genes, including PALB2, have been identified. The risk of breast cancer associated with a deleterious mutation of PALB2, the age of onset of these cancers, their prognosis and associated cancers have so far been the subject of controversy.

Alterations of zinc homeostasis in response to Cryptococcus neoformans in a murine macrophage cell line.

Aim: To evaluate alterations of zinc homeostasis in macrophages exposed to Cryptococcus neoformans. Materials & methods: Using a fluorescent zinc probe-based flow cytometry and atomic absorption spectrometry, zinc levels were evaluated in J774.A1 cell lines exposed to C.

Failure to reproduce -dependent song cycles in is due to poor automated pulse-detection and low-intensity courtship.

Stern has criticized a body of work from several groups that have independently studied the so-called "Kyriacou and Hall" courtship song rhythms of male claiming that these ultradian ∼60-s cycles in the interpulse interval (IPI) are statistical artifacts that are not modulated by mutations at the () locus [Stern DL (2014) 12:38]. We have scrutinized Stern's raw data and observe that his automated song pulse-detection method identifies only ∼50% of the IPIs found by manual (visual and acoustic) monitoring. This critical error is further compounded by Stern's use of recordings with very little song, the large majority of which do not meet the minimal song intensity criteria which Kyriacou and Hall used in their studies.

NF-κB oscillations translate into functionally related patterns of gene expression.

Several transcription factors (TFs) oscillate, periodically relocating between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. NF-κB, which plays key roles in inflammation and cancer, displays oscillations whose biological advantage remains unclear. Recent work indicated that NF-κB displays sustained oscillations that can be entrained, that is, reach a persistent synchronized state through small periodic perturbations.

Effects of zinc transporters on Cryptococcus gattii virulence.

Zinc is an essential nutrient for all living organisms because it is a co-factor of several important proteins. Furthermore, zinc may play an essential role in the infectiousness of microorganisms. Previously, we determined that functional zinc metabolism is associated with Cryptococcus gattii virulence.