Cross-disorder genetic analysis of immune diseases reveals distinct gene associations that converge on common pathways.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped thousands of susceptibility loci associated with immune-mediated diseases. To assess the extent of the genetic sharing across nine immune-mediated diseases we apply genomic structural equation modelling to GWAS data from European populations. We identify three disease groups: gastrointestinal tract diseases, rheumatic and systemic diseases, and allergic diseases.

Host Restriction Factors Modulating HIV Latency and Replication in Macrophages.

In addition to CD4 T lymphocytes, myeloid cells and, particularly, differentiated macrophages are targets of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection via the interaction of gp120Env with CD4 and CCR5 or CXCR4. Both T cells and macrophages support virus replication, although with substantial differences. In contrast to activated CD4 T lymphocytes, HIV-1 replication in macrophages occurs in nondividing cells and it is characterized by the virtual absence of cytopathicity both in vitro and in vivo.