Akt and AMPK activators rescue hyperexcitability in neurons from patients with bipolar disorder.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a multifactorial psychiatric illness affecting ∼1% of the global adult population. Lithium (Li), is the most effective mood stabilizer for BD but works only for a subset of patients and its mechanism of action remains largely elusive.

Methods: In the present study, we used iPSC-derived neurons from patients with BD who are responsive (LR) or not (LNR) to lithium.

Resection of supratentorial high-grade gliomas availing of neuronavigation matched intraoperative ultrasound and Fluorescein: How far is it safe to push the resection?

Background: High-Grade Gliomas are the most common primary brain malignancies and despite the multimodal treatment, and the increasing amount of adjuvant treatment options the overall prognosis remains dismal. The present investigation aims to analyze the safety profile of the use of intraoperative ultrasounds (Io-US) in a homogeneous and matched cohort of patients suffering from High-grade gliomas (HGG) operated on with or without the aid of Io-US and Fluorescein in specific relation to the incidence of neurological and functional status sequelae.

Methods And Materials: A retrospective analysis was performed on 74 patients affected by HGG.

Case conceptualization in child welfare: an underused resource to improve child, family, and provider outcomes.

Case conceptualization, formally known as case formulation, is one tool that assists in determining the best course of action for children and families experiencing family violence that has been under-utilized in child welfare. In this article we present a step-by-step case conceptualization process that considers the child welfare context. We then present a hypothetical case example of a 10-year-old child referred by a child welfare worker to evidence-based treatment for mental health and behavioural concerns.

Intracranial Hypertension following Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: A Case Study on the Multiple Compartment Syndrome.

In this case study, we describe a 25-year-old male who was admitted due to a severe traumatic brain injury, requiring invasive intracranial pressure monitoring. At 48 hours posttrauma, he developed intracranial hypertension refractory to medical treatment without tomographic changes in the brain. Subsequently, intra-abdominal hypertension and tomographic signs of abdominal surgical pathology were observed.

Virtual preoperative planning and 3D tumoral reconstruction with Horos open-source software.

Background: Presurgical three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions allow spatial localization of cerebral lesions and their relationship with adjacent anatomical structures for optimal surgical resolution. The purpose of the present article is to present a method of virtual preoperative planning aiming to enhance 3D comprehension of neurosurgical pathologies using free DICOM image viewers.

Case Description: We describe the virtual presurgical planning of a 61-year-old female presenting a cerebral tumor.

Microsurgical Treatment of Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: A 20-year Single-institution Experience.

Background:  Anterior communicating artery (AComA) aneurysms are the most frequent intracranial aneurysms. They have a high risk of rupture, morbidity, and mortality following rupture. Surgical treatment is complex because of their deep location, proximity to the perforators, and their different projections and relations with the parent vessels.

Long-term clinical outcomes after bilateral laminotomy or total laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis: a single-institution experience.

OBJECTIVELumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is the most common spinal disease in the geriatric population, and is characterized by a compression of the lumbosacral neural roots from a narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal. LSS can result in symptomatic compression of the neural elements, requiring surgical treatment if conservative management fails. Different surgical techniques with or without fusion are currently treatment options.

Chronic hepatitis B: The interplay between intrahepatic lymphocyte population and viral antigens in relation to liver damage.

In Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, virus and immune response interplay is thought to be responsible for pathogenesis. Yet, the impact of each immune cell population and viral protein expression in liver damage is still unknown. Our aim was to study the interplay between intrahepatic immune response and viral activity in relation to CHB liver damage.

Transfacet Screw Fixation for the Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis with Mild Instability: A Preliminary Study.

Background:  Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and low-grade degenerative spondylolisthesis are frequently associated with facet joint degeneration, considered the main cause of low back pain. Surgery is the treatment of choice in patients affected by LSS unresponsive to conservative treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcome of patients treated with posterior decompression and transfacet fixation for single-level LSS and facet joint degeneration.

[Invasive sinonasal papilloma with intracranial invasion: Case report and bibliographic review].

Introduction: Inverted papilloma is a locally-aggressive benign neoplasm of the paranasal sinuses with a high potential for recurrence and malignancy. Intracranial extension is infrequent, and dural penetration even more so, typically associated with recurrence of the disease or its degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma.

Clinical Case: A 32-year-old female patient consulted us for an exophytic lesion in her right nostril and exophthalmos, associated with headache, anosmia and dysgeusia.

Clinical and Neuropsychological Outcome After Microsurgical and Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured and Unruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: A Single-Enter Experience.

Background: Anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms have a high risk of rupture. Morbidity and mortality following rupture are higher than at other sites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and neuropsychological outcomes of patients treated for ruptured and unruptured ACoA aneurysms: a comparison between surgical and endovascular treatment was performed.

[Not Available].

Colonic metastasis of breast cancer are extremely infrequent, being ductal subtype the most rarely affects the digestive tract, compared to lobular subtype. We present a case report of a colonic metastasis of ductal breast cancer; found in the context of a screening colonoscopy. Besides we perform an article research about digestive tract metastasis of primary breast cancer, finding very few published cases among the literature about this ductal subtype behavior.

[Colonic Lipomatosis: report of a case and review of the literature].

Colonic lipomas are a rare entity, even lessfrequent colonic lipomatosis (lipohyperplasia) of which we only found very few reports in literature (five cases). We report a case of colonic lipomatosis in a young adult that manifested as acute diverticulitis with perforation and rectalpolyposis requiring surgical resolution.

Surgery of brain aneurysm in a BrainSuite(®) theater: A review of 105 cases.

Introduction: The BrainSuite(®) is a highly integrated operating theater designed mainly for brain tumor surgery. The issues concerning its routine use in vascular neurosurgery have not been discussed in literature to date. We report our experience of surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms in the BrainSuite(®), with a view to evaluating safety, feasibility, advantages, disadvantages, and contraindications.

Giant xanthogranuloma of the pelvis with S1 origin: Complete removal with only posterior approach, technical note.

Xanthogranulomas (XG) are benign proliferative disorder of histiocytes, a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Whose etiology is unknown. The nature of these lesions is controversial and could be either reactive or neoplastic; the presence of monoclonal cells does, however, favor the second hypothesis.

Percutaneous short fixation vs conservative treatment: comparative analysis of clinical and radiological outcome for A.3 burst fractures of thoraco-lumbar junction and lumbar spine.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to use an algorithm previously published to decide whether to perform open surgery or percutaneous surgery with short fixation in patients with thoraco-lumbar junction and lumbar spine fractures, and to compare retrospectively surgical and conservative options of treatment.

Methods: Between 2005 and 2009, two groups of 25 patients were analyzed to compare retrospectively surgical and conservative option of treatment to assess perception of pain and to evaluate quality of life during treatment, to evaluate how quickly patients return to work and to their daily activities, to evaluate patients' satisfaction. X-ray controls were performed to evaluate the fusion rate at 3 and 6 months and CT scans at 6 months.

Usefulness of image guidance in the surgical treatment of petrous apex cholesterol granuloma.

The petrous apex is a pyramid-shaped structure, located medial to the inner ear and the intrapetrous segment of the internal carotid artery. Lesions of the petrous apex can be surgically treated through different surgical routes. Because of the important neurovascular structures located inside the temporal bone, anatomical 3D knowledge is paramount.

Intra-extramedullary drainage as an effective option for treatment of intramedullary ependymal cyst of thoracic spine: technical note.

Background: Intramedullary neuroepithelial cysts are extremely rare and only 15 cases have been reported in the literature. Clinico-radiological features are not indicative of a specific diagnosis; for this reason, diagnosis is based mainly on the histological features. In the literature, total surgical removal is considered the treatment of choice.

Mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect: crafting a positive process for health professionals and caregivers.

Health professionals working with children and their families are often required by law to report to governmental authorities any reasonable suspicion of child abuse and/or neglect. Extant research has pointed toward various barriers to reporting, with scant attention to positive processes to support the reporting process. This paper focuses on the context for mandatory reporting and evidence-informed practice for supporting a more structured and purposeful process of mandatory reporting.

Atlantoaxial rotatory dislocation (AARD) in pediatric age: MRI study on conservative treatment with Philadelphia collar--experience of nine consecutive cases.

Purpose: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation and atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation are the most frequent manifestations of atlantoaxial rotatory dislocation (AARD) in pediatric population and are often treated conservatively. The objective of this study is to correlate the changes highlighted on MRI T2-weighted and STIR sequences with the duration of conservative treatment.

Methods: We analyzed nine consecutive patients treated surgically between 1 Jan 2006 and 1 Jan 2010 at the Policlinico Umberto I of Rome.

Single brain metastases from melanoma: remarks on a series of 84 patients.

The authors report on 84 patients with single melanoma brain metastasis surgically treated from 1997 to 2007. There were 46 males and 38 females; mean age was 41 years (range 24-58 years). All patients were surgically treated, and 52 of them received postoperative adjuvant therapy consisting of whole-brain radiation therapy (36), radiosurgery (9), or a combination of these two techniques (7).

[Mixed carcinoid-adenocarcinoma in transverse colon].

The following case is a 69-year-old woman with a presumptive diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in transverse colon, which was diagnosed by pathology as a mixed carcinoid-adenocarcinoma tumor after surgery. We have found very few cases published of this type of tumor in the colon (around 20) but not cases in the transverse colon. We discuss in the following report the diagnosis, the therapeutic conduct and its results.

Does mental illness stigma contribute to adolescent standardized patients' discomfort with simulations of mental illness and adverse psychosocial experiences?

Objective: Adolescent mental illness stigma-related factors may contribute to adolescent standardized patients' (ASP) discomfort with simulations of psychiatric conditions/adverse psychosocial experiences. Paradoxically, however, ASP involvement may provide a stigma-reduction strategy. This article reports an investigation of this hypothetical association between simulation discomfort and mental illness stigma.