Use of Adaptive Conjoint Analysis-Based Values Clarification in a Patient Decision Aid Is Not Associated with Better Perceived Values Clarity or Reduced Decisional Conflict but Enhances Values Congruence.

Background: Evidence is lacking on the most effective values clarification methods (VCMs) in patient decision aids (PtDAs). We tested the effects of an adaptive conjoint analysis (ACA)-based VCM compared with a ranking-based VCM and no VCM on several decision-related outcomes, with the decisional conflict and its subscale "perceived values clarity" as primary outcomes.

Design: Online experimental study with 3 conditions: no VCM versus ranking-based VCM versus -based VCM ( = 282; = 63.

Profiles of Black Emerging Adults Exposure to Racism-Based Police Violence and Associated Mental Health Outcomes.

This study characterizes the profile of Black emerging adults aged 18-29 generated from sociodemographic characteristics and indicators of police contact and exposure to racism-based police violence (RPV), and the relationship between profiles and traumatic stress symptoms. A purposive sample of 300 Black emerging adults was recruited for this exploratory study. Cluster analysis (CA) was performed to generate profiles of this sample.

Patient-clinician collaboration in making care fit: A qualitative analysis of clinical consultations in diabetes care.

Objective: To confirm described dimensions of making care fit and explore how patients and clinicians collaborate to make care fit in clinical practice.

Methods: As part of an ongoing study, we audiotaped and transcribed patient-clinician consultations in diabetes care. We purposively selected consultations based on participants' demographical, biomedical and biographical characteristics.

The role of time in involving patients with cancer in treatment decision making: A scoping review.

Background: Time is often perceived as a barrier to shared decision making in cancer care. It remains unclear how time functions as a barrier and how it could be most effectively utilized.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to describe the role of time in patient involvement, and identify strategies to overcome time-related barriers.

Patient-reported outcome measures in value-based healthcare: A multiple methods study to assess patient-centredness.

Objectives: Value-based healthcare (VBHC) involves the use of standardised outcome measures, including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). This study aimed to assess to what extent discussion of PROMs is associated with patient- and person-centredness.

Methods: This study used a separate sample pre-/post-test design and multiple methods (observations, questionnaires, and interviews) in a VBHC care pathway for patients with a vestibular schwannoma, to assess to what extent the implementation of PROMs is associated with a difference in patient- and person-centredness.

The Birth and Beyond (BABY) study: protocol for a birth cohort study investigating the social and environmental determinants of pregnancy-related outcomes in Black American families.

Introduction: In the USA, Black birthing people and infants experience disproportionately worse pregnancy-related health outcomes. The causes for these disparities are unknown, but evidence suggests that they are likely socially and environmentally based. Efforts to identify the determinants of these racial disparities are urgently needed to elucidate the highest priority targets for intervention.

The gendered context of women charged with violent offences in the forensic psychiatric setting.

Background: Women charged with violent offences may be referred by courts for forensic psychiatric assessment to determine whether mental disorder or intellectual disability impacts their fitness to stand trial and/or criminal responsibility. The profile of these women is a poorly researched area in South Africa.

Aim: This study examined the socio-demographic, offence-related, and clinical profile of South African women charged with violent offences referred for forensic assessment.

Co-creation of a health literate-sensitive training and conversation aid to support shared decision-making in maternity care.

Background: Maternity care increasingly aims to achieve Shared Decision-making (SDM), yet seemingly not to the benefit of clients with low health literacy (HL). We developed an SDM training for healthcare professionals (HCPs) and a conversation aid to support HL-sensitive SDM in maternity care.

Methods: The training and conversation aid were based on previous needs assessments and expert consultation, and were developed in co-creation with clients ( = 15) and HCPs ( = 7).

Patient Characteristics and the Extent to Which Clinicians Involve Patients in Decision Making: Secondary Analyses of Pooled Data.

Background: The occurrence of shared decision making (SDM) in daily practice remains limited. Various patient characteristics have been suggested to potentially influence the extent to which clinicians involve patients in SDM.

Objective: To assess associations between patient characteristics and the extent to which clinicians involve patients in SDM.

Patient readiness for shared decision making about treatment: Conceptualisation and development of the Ready.

Introduction: Shared decision making (SDM) requires an active role of both clinicians and patients. We aimed to conceptualise patient readiness for SDM about treatment, and to develop a patient questionnaire to assess readiness.

Methods: We used the results of a scoping review and a qualitative study to inform the patient readiness construct.

Shared decision-making with older adults with cancer: Adaptation of a model through literature review and expert opinion.

Objective: To provide a literature overview of characteristics of Shared Decision Making (SDM) with specific importance to the older adult population with cancer and to tailor an existing model of SDM in patients with cancer to the needs of older adults.

Methods: A systematic search of several databases was conducted. Eligible studies described factors influencing SDM concerning cancer treatment with adults aged 65 years or above, with any type of cancer.

Shared decision-making performance of general practice residents: an observational study combining observer, resident, and patient perspectives.

Background: Shared decision making (SDM) is considered fundamental to person-centred care. However, applying SDM may be a challenge for residents in general practice, since it is a complex competence that requires the integration of knowledge and skills from several competency domains.

Objective: To support learning of SDM during medical residency, we aimed to gain insight in Dutch residents' observed and perceived SDM performance in general practice.

The value of using patient-reported outcomes for health screening during long-term follow-up after paediatric stem cell transplantation for nonmalignant diseases.

Introduction: The assessment of using patient-reported outcomes (PROs) within comprehensive care follow-up programmes, specifically focused on health screening, remains largely unexplored. PROs were implemented in our late effects and comprehensive care programme after paediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for nonmalignant diseases. The programme focuses solely on screening of physical and mental health and on discussing PROs during the consultation.

Shared Decision Making in Health Care Visits for CKD: Patients' Decisional Role Preferences and Experiences.

Rationale & Objective: Research on shared decision making (SDM) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has focused almost exclusively on the modality of kidney replacement treatment. We explored what other CKD decisions are recognized by patients, what their preferences and experiences are regarding these decisions, and how decisions are made during their interactions with medical care professionals.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Does value-based healthcare support patient-centred care? A scoping review of the evidence.

Background: Standardisation of outcome measures is integral to value-based healthcare (VBHC), which may conflict with patient-centred care, focusing on personalisation.

Objectives: We aimed to provide an overview of measures used to assess the effect of VBHC implementation and to examine to what extent the evidence indicates that VBHC supports patient-centred care.

Design: A scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.

The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and race-based traumatic stress.

Objective: This study examined the relationships between race-based traumatic stress symptoms (RBTSS), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and negative affect (NA) in the past year.

Method: Participants were 185 community-based respondents who completed a paper and pencil survey of the race-based traumatic stress symptoms scale (RBTSSS), diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM)-related PTSD symptoms, and negative emotions.

Results: Two canonical correlation analyses were conducted for two participant groups: those with no race-based traumatic stress (RBTS) elevations and those with one or more RBTS elevations.

What does shared decision making ask from doctors? Uncovering suppressed qualities that could improve person-centered care.

Objective: Shared decision making (SDM) is infrequently seen in clinical practice despite four decades of efforts. We propose a need to explore what SDM asks from doctors in terms of enabling competencies and necessary, underlying qualities, and how these can be nurtured or suppressed in medical training.

Discussion: Key SDM tasks call for doctors to understand communication and decision mechanisms to carry them out well, including reflecting on what they know and do not know, considering what to say and how, and listening unprejudiced to patients.

Dismantling and eradicating anti-Blackness and systemic racism.

Anti-Blackness and systemic racism are long-standing pressing social issues that have received increasing attention in the counseling psychology literature. However, the past few years have demonstrated what can only be described as an emboldening of anti-Blackness-the brutal individual and systemic threats of emotional and physical violence and loss of life that Black individuals and communities face on a daily basis-and a harsh reminder of the systemic racism that continues to threaten the well-being of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color. In this introduction for the special section on Dismantling and Eradicating Anti-Blackness and Systemic Racism, we provide readers an opportunity to pause and reflect on the ways in which those of us in the field can more intentionally seek to disrupt anti-Blackness and systemic racism.

Predicting outcomes in chronic kidney disease: needs and preferences of patients and nephrologists.

Introduction: Guidelines on chronic kidney disease (CKD) recommend that nephrologists use clinical prediction models (CPMs). However, the actual use of CPMs seems limited in clinical practice. We conducted a national survey study to evaluate: 1) to what extent CPMs are used in Dutch CKD practice, 2) patients' and nephrologists' needs and preferences regarding predictions in CKD, and 3) determinants that may affect the adoption of CPMs in clinical practice.

Patient-related characteristics considered to affect patient involvement in shared decision making about treatment: A scoping review of the qualitative literature.

Objective: To identify patient-related characteristics considered to affect patient involvement in shared decision making (SDM) about treatment.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review of qualitative studies. We searched for literature across seven databases until March 2022, and included qualitative studies that focused on associations between patient-related characteristics and SDM about treatment in adults.

Patients' perspectives towards biologic dose reduction in psoriasis: a qualitative study.

Dose reduction of biologics for psoriasis could contribute to more efficient use of these expensive medicines. Evidence on opinions of patients with psoriasis regarding dose reduction is sparse. The objective of this study was therefore to explore patients' perspectives towards dose reduction of biologics for psoriasis.