Morphological characteristics of coronoid process and revisiting definition of coronoid hyperplasia.

The aim of this study was to assess the morphological characteristics of the coronoid process (CP) and define coronoid hyperplasia (CH) using cadaveric mandibles of a Caucasian population. A sample of 151 adult dry cadaveric mandibles (302 CPs) was acquired. Three distances were measured, which included the width, height, and length of CP.

The impact of CBCT-head tilting on 3D condylar segmentation reproducibility.

Objectives: To investigate whether variations in head positioning may influence the reproducibility of cone-beam CT (CBCT) three-dimensional (3D) segmented models of the mandibular condyle.

Methods: Five fresh frozen cadaver heads were scanned in four different positions: reference position (RP) and a set of three tilted alternative head positions (AP) in anteroposterior direction (AP1: 2 cm anterior translation, AP2: 5° pitch rotation, AP3: 10° pitch rotation). Surface models of mandibular condyles were constructed and compared with the condylar reference position using voxel-based registration.

Correlation of MRI and arthroscopic findings with clinical outcome in temporomandibular joint disorders: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic tool and treatment strategy in patients suffering from temporomandibular disorders (TMD) when conservative treatment fails. This study aimed to find specific variables on pre-operative MRI or during arthroscopy that could predict success of arthroscopic lysis and lavage.

Methods: This retrospective analysis compared pre-operative maximum interincisal opening (MIO), pain and main complaint (pain, limited MIO or joint sounds) with results at short-term and medium-term follow-up (ST and MT respectively).

Layered deep learning for automatic mandibular segmentation in cone-beam computed tomography.

Objective: To develop and validate a layered deep learning algorithm which automatically creates three-dimensional (3D) surface models of the human mandible out of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging.

Materials & Methods: Two convolutional networks using a 3D U-Net architecture were combined and deployed in a cloud-based artificial intelligence (AI) model. The AI model was trained in two phases and iteratively improved to optimize the segmentation result using 160 anonymized full skull CBCT scans of orthognathic surgery patients (70 preoperative scans and 90 postoperative scans).

Impaired Callus Formation in Pathological Mandibular Fractures in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Osteoradionecrosis.

Purpose: Nonsurgical treatment of mandibular fractures secondary to medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) or osteoradionecrosis (ORN) mostly results in nonunion, whereas nonsurgical fracture treatment of atrophic fractures can achieve favorable results in selected cases. The aim of this study was to compare callus formation in pathological mandibular fractures due to MRONJ, ORN, or extreme mandibular atrophy.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study reviewing the medical records of all MRONJ-, ORN-, or atrophy-related fractures treated at the departments of maxillofacial surgery in the Leuven or Lille university hospitals between 2010 and 2019 was undertaken.

Automatic 3D dense phenotyping provides reliable and accurate shape quantification of the human mandible.

Automatic craniomaxillofacial (CMF) three dimensional (3D) dense phenotyping promises quantification of the complete CMF shape compared to the limiting use of sparse landmarks in classical phenotyping. This study assesses the accuracy and reliability of this new approach on the human mandible. Classic and automatic phenotyping techniques were applied on 30 unaltered and 20 operated human mandibles.

Pitfalls and Promise of 3-dimensional Image Comparison for Craniofacial Surgical Assessment.

Three-dimensional (3D) photography is becoming widely used in plastic surgery. It provides an accurate and reproducible record of the facial surface anatomy and could be a versatile tool for treatment planning and assessment. However, the existing software tools available for the assessment of 3D facial imaging often give highly misleading results.

Validation of a 3D CBCT-based protocol for the follow-up of mandibular condyle remodeling.

Objectives: Three-dimensional models of mandibular condyles provide a way for condylar remodeling follow-up. The overall aim was to develop and validate a user-friendly workflow for cone beam CT (CBCT)-based semi-automatic condylar registration and segmentation.

Methods: A rigid voxel-based registration (VBR) technique for registration of two post-operative CBCT-scans was tested.

Metal debris after dental implant placement: A proof-of-concept study in fresh frozen cadavers using MRI and histological analysis.

Purpose: This report originated from the finding of metal artefacts on magnetic resonance images (MRI) which were not detected on panoramic radiography or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. It was hypothesised that drills or implants might release metal particles during surgical procedures in the jawbones. Therefore, the aim was to assess whether dental implants or surgical drills might cause metal debris in the surrounding tissues.

The Biomechanical Effect of the Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy on the Temporomandibular Joint: Current Perspectives on the Remodeling Spectrum.

The sagittal split ramus osteotomy is a key approach for treating dentofacial deformities. Although it delivers excellent results, the sagittal split ramus osteotomy is believed to induce stress to the temporomandibular joint. Potential stress inducers could be classified as intra- and postoperative factors resulting in an inflammatory response and molecular cascades, which initiate physiological remodeling.

Fibula Free Flap in Head and Neck Reconstruction: Identifying Risk Factors for Flap Failure and Analysis of Postoperative Complications in a Low Volume Setting.

The fibula free flap (FFF) has been a workhorse in maxillofacial reconstruction. High success rates of this technique are reported. However, identifying risk factors for flap failure and analyzing complications can open the way to better patient care.

Surgical Management of an Aggressive Multifocal Squamous Odontogenic Tumor.

Squamous odontogenic tumor is a rare benign epithelial odontogenic tumor of the jaw. Most are solitary lesions, although rare multifocal lesions have been described. Maxillary lesions have more aggressive behavior.

Surgical treatment of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture : where do we stand today?

The rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament is one of the most common orthopaedic injuries. This review gives an overview of the surgical treatment of the ACL rupture. A correct knowledge of the anatomy of the ACL is crucial in treating this injury.