On-site electronic observational assessment tool for discomfort and pain.

Over the recent years pen-paper observational assessment scales have proven to be useful to monitor behaviour and responses of humans and animals. Observational assessment tools are typically applied for subjects who are not able to communicate directly. For on-site observational assessment however it is hard to record and evaluate timing patterns of observed events using pen-paper scales.

Acquiring a dataset of labeled video images showing discomfort in demented elderly.

One of the effects of late-stage dementia is the loss of the ability to communicate verbally. Patients become unable to call for help if they feel uncomfortable. The first objective of this article was to record facial expressions of bedridden demented elderly.