Batch and semi-continuous fermentation with Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius DSM 6285 for H production.

Background: Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius is a facultatively anaerobic thermophile that is able to produce hydrogen (H) gas from the oxidation of carbon monoxide through the water-gas shift reaction when grown under anaerobic conditions. The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction is driven by a carbon monoxide dehydrogenase-hydrogenase enzyme complex. Previous experiments exploring hydrogenogenesis with P.

Elucidating the biotechnological potential of the genera Parageobacillus and Saccharococcus through comparative genomic and pan-genome analysis.

Background: The genus Geobacillus and its associated taxa have been the focal point of numerous thermophilic biotechnological investigations, both at the whole cell and enzyme level. By contrast, comparatively little research has been done on its recently delineated sister genus, Parageobacillus. Here we performed pan-genomic analyses on a subset of publicly available Parageobacillus and Saccharococcus genomes to elucidate their biotechnological potential.

Metagenomic sequencing and reconstruction of 82 microbial genomes from barley seed communities.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is essential to global food systems and the brewing industry. Its physiological traits and microbial communities determine malt quality. Although microbes influence barley from seed health to fermentation, there is a gap in metagenomic insights during seed storage.

The effects of synthesis gas feedstocks and oxygen perturbation on hydrogen production by Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius.

Background: The facultatively anaerobic thermophile Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius is able to produce hydrogen gas (H) through the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction. To date this process has been evaluated under controlled conditions, with gas feedstocks comprising carbon monoxide and variable proportions of air, nitrogen and hydrogen. Ultimately, an economically viable hydrogenogenic system would make use of industrial waste/synthesis gases that contain high levels of carbon monoxide, but which may also contain contaminants such as H, oxygen (O) and other impurities, which may be toxic to P.

Metataxonomic Analysis Demonstrates a Shift in Duodenal Microbiota in Patients with Obstructive Jaundice.

The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is home to an abundance of diverse microorganisms, and the balance of this microbiome plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy GIT. The obstruction of the flow of bile into the duodenum, resulting in obstructive jaundice (OJ), has a major impact on the health of the affected individual. This study sought to identify changes in the duodenal microbiota in South African patients with OJ compared to those without this disorder.

Distinct microbial communities across a climatically versatile summit in the Lesotho highlands.

Most studies investigating the effects of climatological factors on microbial community composition and diversity focus on comparisons of geographically distinct environments (e.g., cold vs hot deserts) or across various temporal scales.

Not All That Glitters Is Gold: The Paradox of CO-dependent Hydrogenogenesis in .

The thermophilic bacterium has recently gained interest due to its ability to catalyze the water gas shift reaction, where the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) is linked to the evolution of hydrogen (H) gas. This phenotype is largely predictable based on the presence of a genomic region coding for a carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH-Coo) and hydrogen evolving hydrogenase (Phc). In this work, seven previously uncharacterized strains were cultivated under 50% CO and 50% air atmosphere.

Carbon Monoxide Induced Metabolic Shift in the Carboxydotrophic DSM 6285.

is known to catalyse the biological water gas shift (WGS) reaction, a pathway that serves as a source of alternative energy and carbon to a wide variety of bacteria. Despite increasing interest in this bacterium due to its ability to produce biological hydrogen through carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation, there are no data on the effect of toxic CO gas on its physiology. Due to its general requirement of O, the organism is often grown aerobically to generate biomass.

Flagella by numbers: comparative genomic analysis of the supernumerary flagellar systems among the Enterobacterales.

Background: Flagellar motility is an efficient means of movement that allows bacteria to successfully colonize and compete with other microorganisms within their respective environments. The production and functioning of flagella is highly energy intensive and therefore flagellar motility is a tightly regulated process. Despite this, some bacteria have been observed to possess multiple flagellar systems which allow distinct forms of motility.

Time-Course Transcriptome of DSM 6285 Grown in the Presence of Carbon Monoxide and Air.

is a metabolically versatile, facultatively anaerobic thermophile belonging to the family . Previous studies have shown that this bacterium harbours co-localised genes coding for a carbon monoxide (CO) dehydrogenase (CODH) and Ni-Fe hydrogenase (Phc) complex and oxidises CO and produces hydrogen (H) gas via the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction. To elucidate the genetic events culminating in the WGS reaction, DSM 6285 was cultivated under an initial gas atmosphere of 50% CO and 50% air and total RNA was extracted at ~8 (aerobic phase), 20 (anaerobic phase), 27 and 44 (early and late hydrogenogenic phases) hours post inoculation.

Comparative genomic analysis of the secondary flagellar (flag-2) system in the order Enterobacterales.

Background: The order Enterobacterales encompasses a broad range of metabolically and ecologically versatile bacterial taxa, most of which are motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Flagellar biosynthesis has been linked to a primary flagella locus, flag-1, encompassing ~ 50 genes. A discrete locus, flag-2, encoding a distinct flagellar system, has been observed in a limited number of enterobacterial taxa, but its function remains largely uncharacterized.

Acetogenic Fermentation From Oxygen Containing Waste Gas.

The microbial production of bulk chemicals from waste gas is becoming a pertinent alternative to industrial strategies that rely on fossil fuels as substrate. Acetogens can use waste gas substrates or syngas (CO, CO, H) to produce chemicals, such as acetate or ethanol, but as the feed gas often contains oxygen, which inhibits acetogen growth and product formation, a cost-prohibitive chemical oxygen removal step is necessary. Here, we have developed a two-phase microbial system to facilitate acetate production using a gas mixture containing CO and O.

Effects of different operating parameters on hydrogen production by Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius DSM 6285.

Hydrogen gas represents a promising alternative energy source to dwindling fossil fuel reserves, as it carries the highest energy per unit mass and its combustion results in the release of water vapour as only byproduct. The facultatively anaerobic thermophile Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius is able to produce hydrogen via the water-gas shift reaction catalyzed by a carbon monoxide dehydrogenase-hydrogenase enzyme complex. Here we have evaluated the effects of several operating parameters on hydrogen production, including different growth temperatures, pre-culture ages and inoculum sizes, as well as different pHs and concentrations of nickel and iron in the fermentation medium.

Comparative genomic analysis of Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius strains with distinct hydrogenogenic capacities.

Background: The facultatively anaerobic thermophile Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius produces hydrogen gas (H) by coupling CO oxidation to proton reduction in the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction via a carbon monoxide dehydrogenase-hydrogenase enzyme complex. Although little is known about the hydrogenogenic capacities of different strains of this species, these organisms offer a potentially viable process for the synthesis of this alternative energy source.

Results: The WGS-catalyzed H production capacities of four distinct P.

Complete Genome Sequence of Enterobacter xiangfangensis Pb204, a South African Strain Capable of Synthesizing Gold Nanoparticles.

Enterobacter xiangfangensis Pb204, isolated from acid mine decant from a uranium mine, produces a wide variety of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), ranging from large triangular plates to small spherical AuNPs. The complete genome sequence of this isolate incorporates an integrative and conjugative element which may be pivotal to AuNP synthesis.

Reorganising the order Bacillales through phylogenomics.

Bacterial classification at higher taxonomic ranks such as the order and family levels is currently reliant on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and the presence of shared phenotypic characteristics. However, these may not be reflective of the true genotypic and phenotypic relationships of taxa. This is evident in the order Bacillales, members of which are defined as aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria.

In silico characterization of the global Geobacillus and Parageobacillus secretome.

Background: Geobacillus and Parageobacillus are two ecologically diverse thermophilic genera within the phylum Firmicutes. These taxa have long been of biotechnological interest due to their ability to secrete thermostable enzymes and other biomolecules that have direct applications in various industrial and clinical fields. Despite the commercial and industrial interest in these microorganisms, the full scope of the secreted protein, i.

CO-dependent hydrogen production by the facultative anaerobe Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius.

Background: The overreliance on dwindling fossil fuel reserves and the negative climatic effects of using such fuels are driving the development of new clean energy sources. One such alternative source is hydrogen (H), which can be generated from renewable sources. Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius is a facultative anaerobic thermophilic bacterium which is frequently isolated from high temperature environments including hot springs and compost.

High Quality Draft Genomes of the Type Strains thermocatenulatus DSM 730, DSM 23175 And DSM 18751.

The thermophilic 'Geobacilli' are important sources of thermostable enzymes and other biotechnologically relevant macromolecules. The present work reports the high quality draft genome sequences of previously unsequenced type strains of (DSM 23175), (DSM 730) and (DSM 18751). Phylogenomic analyses revealed that DSM 18751 and DSM 23175 represent later heterotypic synonyms of and , respectively, while DSM 730 represents the type strain for the species .

Phylogenomic, Pan-genomic, Pathogenomic and Evolutionary Genomic Insights into the Agronomically Relevant Enterobacteria and .

is ubiquitously found in the environment and causes disease on a wide range of plant hosts. By contrast, its sister species, subsp. is the host-specific causative agent of the devastating maize disease Stewart's wilt.

Xerotolerant bacteria: surviving through a dry spell.

Water is vital for many biological processes and is essential for all living organisms. However, numerous macroorganisms and microorganisms have adapted to survive in environments in which water is scarce; such organisms are collectively termed xerotolerant. With increasing global desertification due to climate change and human-driven desertification processes, it is becoming ever more important to understand how xerotolerant organisms cope with a lack of water.

Phylogenomic resolution of the bacterial genus Pantoea and its relationship with Erwinia and Tatumella.

Investigation of the evolutionary relationships between related bacterial species and genera with a variety of lifestyles have gained popularity in recent years. For analysing the evolution of specific traits, however, a robust phylogeny is essential. In this study we examined the evolutionary relationships among the closely related genera Erwinia, Tatumella and Pantoea, and also attempted to resolve the species relationships within Pantoea.