Forns index and fatty liver index, but not FIB-4, are associated with indices of glycaemia, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: analysis of The Maastricht Study.

Objective: Glucose metabolism status (GMS) is linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Higher levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are observed in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and NAFLD. We examined the association between GMS, non-invasive tests and AGEs, with liver steatosis and fibrosis.

Greater exposure to PM and PM was associated with lower corneal nerve measures: the Maastricht study - a cross-sectional study.

Background: Epidemiological and toxicological studies indicate that increased exposure to air pollutants can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. To further confirm this relationship, we evaluated the association between exposure to ambient air pollutants and corneal nerve measures as a surrogate for neurodegeneration, using corneal confocal microscopy.

Methods: We used population-based observational cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study including N = 3635 participants (mean age 59.

Traditional lifestyle factors partly mediate the association of socioeconomic position with intrahepatic lipid content: The Maastricht study.

Background & Aims: Recent studies have unveiled an association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content. The aim of this study was to examine to what extent traditional lifestyle factors mediate the relationship between SEP and IHL content, independent of aetiology, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: We used cross-sectional data derived from The Maastricht Study (N = 4,001; mean age: 60 years, 49% women, 32% low education level, 21% diabetes, 21% NAFLD).

Thinner inner retinal layers are associated with lower cognitive performance, lower brain volume, and altered white matter network structure-The Maastricht Study.

Introduction: The retina may provide non-invasive, scalable biomarkers for monitoring cerebral neurodegeneration.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from The Maastricht study (n = 3436; mean age 59.3 years; 48% men; and 21% with type 2 diabetes [the latter oversampled by design]).

(Pre)diabetes and a higher level of glycaemic measures are continuously associated with corneal neurodegeneration assessed by corneal confocal microscopy: the Maastricht Study.

Aims/hypothesis: To assess the associations between glucose metabolism status and a range of continuous measures of glycaemia with corneal nerve fibre measures, as assessed using corneal confocal microscopy.

Methods: We used population-based observational cross-sectional data from the Maastricht Study of N=3471 participants (mean age 59.4 years, 48.

Habitual intake of advanced glycation endproducts is not associated with worse insulin sensitivity, worse beta cell function, or presence of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: The Maastricht Study.

Background & Aims: A diet high in advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) is a potential risk factor for insulin resistance, beta cell dysfunction, and ultimately type 2 diabetes. We investigated associations between habitual intake of dietary AGEs and glucose metabolism in a population-based setting.

Methods: In 6275 participants of The Maastricht Study (mean ± SD age: 60 ± 9, 15.

Retinal Functional and Structural Neural Indices: Potential Biomarkers for the Monitoring of Cerebral Neurodegeneration: The Maastricht Study.

Background: If retinal indices of neurodegeneration are to be biomarkers for the monitoring of cerebral neurodegeneration, it is important to establish whether potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia are associated with retinal neurodegenerative changes.

Objective: To study associations of dementia risk factors with retinal sensitivity, an index of retinal neural function, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, an index of retinal neural structure.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study (up to 5,666 participants, 50.

Device-measured sitting time and musculoskeletal pain in adults with normal glucose metabolism, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes-The Maastricht Study.

Background: Detrimental associations of sedentary behaviour (time spent sitting) with musculoskeletal pain (MSP) conditions have been observed. However, findings on those with, or at risk of, type 2 diabetes (T2D) have not been reported. We examined the linear and non-linear associations of device-measured daily sitting time with MSP outcomes according to glucose metabolism status (GMS).

Habitual Intake of Dietary Dicarbonyls is Associated with Greater Insulin Sensitivity and Lower Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes: The Maastricht Study.

Background: Dicarbonyls are reactive precursors of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Dicarbonyls are formed endogenously, but also during food processing. Circulating dicarbonyls are positively associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, but the consequences of dietary dicarbonyls are unknown.

Sex comparisons in the association of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes with cognitive function, depression, and quality of life: The Maastricht study.

Aims: There are sex differences in the excess risk of diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease. However, it is not clear whether these sex differences exist with regard to other complications like mental health aspects. Therefore, we investigated sex differences in the association of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with cognitive function, depression, and quality of life (QoL).

Circulating and adipose tissue immune cells in tissue-specific insulin resistance in humans with overweight and obesity.

Objective: A proinflammatory adipose tissue (AT) microenvironment and systemic low-grade inflammation may differentially affect tissue-specific insulin sensitivity. This study investigated the relationships of abdominal subcutaneous AT (aSAT) and circulating immune cells, aSAT gene expression, and circulating inflammatory markers with liver and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in people with overweight and obesity.

Methods: Individuals with overweight and obesity from the PERSonalized Glucose Optimization Through Nutritional Intervention (PERSON) Study (n = 219) and the Maastricht Study (replication cohort; n = 1256) underwent a seven-point oral glucose tolerance test to assess liver and muscle insulin sensitivity, and circulating inflammatory markers were determined.

Alcohol consumption and microvascular dysfunction: a J-shaped association: The Maastricht Study.

Background: Microvascular dysfunction (MVD) is an important contributor to major clinical disease such as stroke, dementia, depression, retinopathy, and chronic kidney disease. Alcohol consumption may be a determinant of MVD.

Objective: Main objectives were (1) to study whether alcohol consumption was associated with MVD as assessed in the brain, retina, skin, kidney and in the blood; and (2) to investigate whether associations differed by history of cardiovascular disease or sex.

Sex differences in body composition in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as compared with people with normal glucose metabolism: the Maastricht Study.

Aims/hypothesis: Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, body composition differs between women and men. In this study we investigate the association between diabetes status and body composition and whether this association is moderated by sex.

Daily Physical Activity Patterns and Their Associations with Cardiometabolic Biomarkers: The Maastricht Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify physical activity patterns and examine their association with cardiometabolic biomarkers in a cross-sectional design.

Methods: Overall 6072 participants (mean age, 60.2 yr; SD 8.

Associations between plasma sulfur amino acids and specific fat depots in two independent cohorts: CODAM and The Maastricht Study.

Purpose: Sulfur amino acids (SAAs) have been associated with obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. We investigated whether plasma SAAs (methionine, total cysteine (tCys), total homocysteine, cystathionine and total glutathione) are related to specific fat depots.

Methods: We examined cross-sectional subsets from the CODAM cohort (n = 470, 61.

(Pre)diabetes, glycemia, and daily glucose variability are associated with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in The Maastricht Study.

Retinopathy and neuropathy in type 2 diabetes are preceded by retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thinning, an index of neurodegeneration. We investigated whether glucose metabolism status (GMS), measures of glycaemia, and daily glucose variability (GV) are associated with RNFL thickness over the entire range of glucose tolerance. We used cross-sectional data from The Maastricht Study (up to 5455 participants, 48.

Daily patterns of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and prevalent and incident depression-The Maastricht Study.

This study aims to compare the accelerometer-measured daily patterns of PA and sedentary behavior among participants with and without prevalent/incident depressive symptoms. We used data from 5582 individuals in The Maastricht Study (59.9 ± 8.

Studying the association of diabetes and healthcare cost on distributed data from the Maastricht Study and Statistics Netherlands using a privacy-preserving federated learning infrastructure.

The mining of personal data collected by multiple organizations remains challenging in the presence of technical barriers, privacy concerns, and legal and/or organizational restrictions. While a number of privacy-preserving and data mining frameworks have recently emerged, much remains to show their practical utility. In this study, we implement and utilize a secure infrastructure using data from Statistics Netherlands and the Maastricht Study to learn the association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and healthcare expenses considering the impact of lifestyle, physical activities, and complications of T2DM.

Habitual intake of dietary methylglyoxal is associated with less low-grade inflammation: the Maastricht Study.

Background: Dicarbonyls are major reactive precursors of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Dicarbonyls are formed endogenously and also during food processing. Circulating dicarbonyls and AGEs are associated with inflammation and microvascular complications of diabetes, but for dicarbonyls from the diet these associations are currently unknown.

Cognitive resilience depends on white matter connectivity: The Maastricht Study.

Introduction: Differences in brain network connectivity may reflect the capability of the neurological substrate to compensate for brain damage and preserve cognitive function (cognitive reserve). We examined the associations between white matter connectivity, brain damage markers, and cognition in a population sample of middle-aged individuals.

Methods: A total of 4759 participants from The Maastricht Study (mean age = 59.

Circulating N-Acetylaspartate does not track brain NAA concentrations, cognitive function or features of small vessel disease in humans.

N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is the second most abundant metabolite in the human brain; although it is assumed to be a proxy for a neuronal marker, its function is not fully elucidated. NAA is also detectable in plasma, but its relation to cerebral NAA levels, cognitive performance, or features of cerebral disease has not been investigated. To study whether circulating NAA tracks cerebral NAA levels, and whether circulating NAA correlates with cognitive function and features of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD).