Temporal auditory processing at 17 months of age is associated with preliterate language comprehension and later word reading fluency: an ERP study.

Dyslexia is heritable and associated with auditory processing deficits. We investigate whether temporal auditory processing is compromised in young children at-risk for dyslexia and whether it is associated with later language and reading skills. We recorded EEG from 17 months-old children with or without familial risk for dyslexia to investigate whether their auditory system was able to detect a temporal change in a tone pattern.

Information processing differences and similarities in adults with dyslexia and adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder during a Continuous Performance Test: a study of cortical potentials.

Twenty male adults with ADHD, 16 dyslexic adults, 15 comorbid adults, and 16 normal controls were compared on performance and underlying brain responses, during a cued Continuous Performance Test (O-X CPT), with the aim of discovering features of information processing differentiating between the groups. The study evaluated both cue- and target-related processes by analysing performance measures (errors, reaction time, and variability of reaction time), and event-related potentials (ERPs). Cue-related ERP components included the Cue-N2, Cue-P3, contingent negative variation (CNV) consisting of the CNV1, related to cue orienting, and the CNV2, related to response preparation.

Reduced interhemispheric coherence in dyslexic adults.

Introduction: Developmental dyslexia has been associated with reduced interhemispheric neural connectivity in children. The present study investigated functional interhemispheric connectivity in male dyslexic adults.

Methods: A group of 19 dyslexic men were compared to a group of 15 controls on interhemispheric coherence of the dominant frequency in the power spectrum during a visuo-spatial attention task.

Distinct information processing characteristics in dyslexia and ADHD during a covert orienting task: an event-related potential study.

Objective: A visuo-spatial orienting task was used to investigate the individual and joint contribution of the presence of dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to information processing.

Methods: Sixteen control, 17 dyslexic, 16 ADHD, and 15 comorbid adults performed the task, comprising a valid, invalid, and no-cue condition. Performance measures were errors and reaction time (RT).

Differences in AERP responses and atypical hemispheric specialization in 17-month-old children at risk of dyslexia.

To determine the auditory event-related potential (AERP) correlates of phoneme perception in 17-month-old children at risk of dyslexia and controls, AERPs were elicited by standard (/bAk/) and deviant (/dAk/) word stimuli presented in an oddball paradigm. The at-risk children tended to show delayed P1 and P2 peaks for standard stimuli. Hemispheric group differences were observed for N2 amplitude and P1 latency, suggesting atypical processing of spoken words in at-risk children.

Cortical categorization failure in 2-month-old infants at risk for dyslexia.

Cortical auditory categorization was assessed in 2-month-old infants at genetic risk for dyslexia and controls. Manipulated /bAk/ and /dAk/ speech stimuli were used as frequently presented standards. The neuroelectric brain responses of the control infants were highly sensitive to the phoneme boundary that separated these stimuli, but the infants at risk showed no signs of cortical categorical perception.

Subject-verb agreement and phonological processing in developmental dyslexia and specific language impairment (SLI): a closer look.

Background: Problems with subject-verb agreement and phonological (processing) skills have been reported to occur in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and in those with developmental dyslexia, but only a few studies have compared such problems in these two groups. Previous studies have claimed a causal relationship between phonological processing deficits and morphosyntactic problems.

Aims: The following questions were addressed in this study: (1) Are children with developmental dyslexia and SLI comparable in the level of sensitivity to subject-verb agreement, phonological awareness, and non-word repetition? (2) Are children with developmental dyslexia and SLI comparable in their performance profiles on tasks tapping subject-verb agreement, phonological awareness, and non-word repetition? (3) Are deficits in phonological processing skills related to morphosyntactic deficits?

Methods & Procedures: Forty-five children (mean age = 8;6 years) with developmental dyslexia, SLI and typically developing children participated.

Brain responses to subject-verb agreement violations in spoken language in developmental dyslexia: an ERP study.

This study investigates the presence and latency of the P600 component in response to subject-verb agreement violations in spoken language in people with and without developmental dyslexia. The two groups performed at-ceiling level on judging the sentences on their grammaticality, but the ERP data revealed subtle differences between them. The P600 tended to peak later in the left posterior region in the dyslexic group compared with the control group.

Mismatch response is absent in 2-month-old infants at risk for dyslexia.

This study examined auditory processing in 2-month-old infants at genetic risk for dyslexia and in controls. Manipulated natural speech stimuli (/bAk/ and /dAk/), at either side of the phoneme boundary, were presented to these infants and their automatic cortical deviance responses were recorded. Control infants showed two distinct mismatch responses, thus extending similar findings reported with kindergartners in terms of topographical distribution and cortical sources.

Differences at 17 months: productive language patterns in infants at familial risk for dyslexia and typically developing infants.

Productive vocabulary composition is investigated in 17-month-old children who are participating in an ongoing longitudinal dyslexia research project in the Netherlands. The project is searching for early precursors for dyslexia and follows a group of children who are genetically at risk for dyslexia and a control group during the first 10 years of their lives. Among other measures, the Dutch version of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences (N-CDI) is used to investigate early vocabulary development.

Dyslexics show a deviant lateralization of attentional control: a brain potential study.

The present study compared performance and event-related brain potentials between dyslexic subjects and control subjects while they performed a spatial selective attention-shifting task. The subjects received a prestimulus cue on each trial, which indicated whether the subjects should attend to a position to the left of fixation or to the position at the opposite right of fixation. Thereafter a stimulus was presented either at the cued position or at the other position.

Developmental dyslexia and discrimination in speech perception: a dynamic model study.

At the behavioral level one of the primary disturbances involved in congenital dyslexia concerns phonological processing. At the neuroarchitectural level autopsies have revealed ectopies, e.g.