Missile embolism--pulmonary vein to systemic bullet embolism: a case report and review of the literature.

Missile embolism occurs very rarely. It was first reported by Thomas Davis in 1834, and only 153 cases had been reported up to 1988. Rich et al.

Direct percutaneous intratumoral bleomycin injection for palliative treatment of impending quadriplegia.

We describe a case of midcervical angiosarcoma causing compression of the cervical spinal cord, producing rapidly progressive neurologic deficits. The tumor had recurred despite previous resection and was refractory to radiation and chemotherapy. Shrinkage of the tumor by percutaneous embolization was not considered feasible.

Percutaneous management of concomitant post-traumatic high vertebrovertebral and caroticojugular fistulas using balloons, coils, and a covered stent.

Purpose: To describe the endovascular management of vertebrovertebral and caroticojugular fistulas in the same patient using a combination of endovascular techniques including covered stent placement in the high extracranial internal carotid artery.

Case Report: A 22-year-old man presented with ipsilateral vertebrovertebral and caroticojugular fistulas at the C1 level several weeks after sustaining a solitary penetrating knife injury below the right ear. The right vertebral artery was sacrificed after a failed endovascular attempt to close the vertebrovertebral fistula.

Circumferential flow reduction during percutaneous embolotherapy of extracranial vascular malformations: the "cookie-cutter" technique.

We describe a simple, inexpensive, and very effective method of achieving circumferential flow reduction during direct percutaneous cyanoacrylate embolization of a high-flow vascular malformation of the scalp. By using a plastic "cookie cutter" placed over the lesion and applying various degrees of pressure, both venous outflow from and arterial inflow into the lesion were limited. This flow reduction technique improved both the efficacy and safety of the procedure.