Developing a Long COVID Phenotype for Postacute COVID-19 in a National Primary Care Sentinel Cohort: Observational Retrospective Database Analysis.

Background: Following COVID-19, up to 40% of people have ongoing health problems, referred to as postacute COVID-19 or long COVID (LC). LC varies from a single persisting symptom to a complex multisystem disease. Research has flagged that this condition is underrecorded in primary care records, and seeks to better define its clinical characteristics and management.

Differences in Clinical Presentation With Long COVID After Community and Hospital Infection and Associations With All-Cause Mortality: English Sentinel Network Database Study.

Background: Most studies of long COVID (symptoms of COVID-19 infection beyond 4 weeks) have focused on people hospitalized in their initial illness. Long COVID is thought to be underrecorded in UK primary care electronic records.

Objective: We sought to determine which symptoms people present to primary care after COVID-19 infection and whether presentation differs in people who were not hospitalized, as well as post-long COVID mortality rates.

Using Primary Care Data to Report Real-World Pancreatic Cancer Survival and Symptomatology.

Pancreatic cancer is the 10th most common cancer diagnosed; despite recent advances in many areas of oncology, survival remains poor, in part owing to late diagnosis. Whilst primary care data are used widely for epidemiology and pharmacovigilance, they are less used for observing survival. In this study we extracted a pancreatic cancer cohort from a nationally representative English primary care database of electronic health records (EHRs) and reported on their symptom and mortality data.

Diabetic retinopathy in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and predictors of progression; a national primary network study.

Aims: To determine, inreal-world primary care settings, the prevalence of, and risk factors for, retinopathy atType 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosis and report cumulative incidence and progression of retinopathy seven years after diabetes diagnosis.

Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of people with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetesrecorded bythe Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre(between 2005 and 2009, n=11,399).Outcomes included; retinopathy prevalence atdiabetesdiagnosis (baseline) and cumulative incidence or progression of retinopathy at seven years.

International trends in oesophageal cancer survival by histological subtype between 1995 and 2014.

Introduction: Survival from oesophageal cancer remains poor, even across high-income countries. Ongoing changes in the epidemiology of the disease highlight the need for survival assessments by its two main histological subtypes, adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods: The ICBP SURVMARK-2 project, a platform for international comparisons of cancer survival, collected cases of oesophageal cancer diagnosed 1995 to 2014, followed until 31 December 2015, from cancer registries covering seven participating countries with similar access to healthcare (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway and the UK).

Adverse events of interest vary by influenza vaccine type and brand: Sentinel network study of eight seasons (2010-2018).

Background: Influenza contributes significantly to the burden of disease worldwide; the United Kingdom has a policy of vaccination across all ages. Influenza vaccinations are known to be associated with common minor adverse events of interest (AEIs). The European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommends ongoing surveillance of AEIs following influenza vaccination to monitor common and detect infrequent but important AEIs.

Laparoscopic versus open subtotal gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma of the stomach in a Western population: peri-operative and 5-year oncological outcomes.

Background: This study compares the peri-operative and long-term oncological outcomes for laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy (LSG) versus open subtotal gastrectomy (OSG) for adenocarcinoma of the stomach in a Western population.

Methods: A retrospective, intention-to-treat analysis study was conducted for consecutive patients undergoing gastrectomy with curative intent for adenocarcinoma of the stomach between November 2006 and October 2016. Univariate analysis was used to compare peri-operative outcomes between LSG and OSG.

The impact of therapy on the risk of asthma in type 2 diabetes.

Background And Objectives: There are limited data about the risk of asthma in people with diabetes. We examined the incidence of asthma in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to controls, and the association with metformin, sulphonylureas and insulin therapy.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a representative UK primary care database (N = 894 646 adults).

Type 2 diabetes: A protective factor for COPD?

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are common comorbidities. COPD is a known risk factor for incident T2DM, however few studies have examined the relationship in reverse. The primary aim of this study was to compare the incidence of COPD in people with and without T2DM.

Ischaemic stroke, haemorrhage, and mortality in older patients with chronic kidney disease newly started on anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation: a population based study from UK primary care.

Objective: To assess the association between anticoagulation, ischaemic stroke, gastrointestinal and cerebral haemorrhage, and all cause mortality in older people with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease.

Design: Propensity matched, population based, retrospective cohort analysis from January 2006 through December 2016.

Setting: The Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre database population of almost 2.

Incidence, Demographics, and Clinical Characteristics of Diabetes of the Exocrine Pancreas (Type 3c): A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: This study was conducted to describe the incidence of diabetes following pancreatic disease, assess how these patients are classified by clinicians, and compare clinical characteristics with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Primary care records in England ( = 2,360,631) were searched for incident cases of adult-onset diabetes between 1 January 2005 and 31 March 2016. We examined demographics, diabetes classification, glycemic control, and insulin use in those with and without pancreatic disease (subcategorized into acute pancreatitis or chronic pancreatic disease) before diabetes diagnosis.

Barrett's oesophagus: Current controversies.

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is rapidly increasing in Western countries. This tumour frequently presents late in its course with metastatic disease and has a very poor prognosis. Barrett's oesophagus is an acquired condition whereby the native squamous mucosa of the lower oesophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium following prolonged gastro-oesophageal reflux and is the recognised precursor lesion for oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Tension enterothorax and hepatothorax due to a diaphragmatic hernia: successful emergency repair of a life-threatening condition.

A 70-year-old female patient presented with acute severe respiratory distress at a district general hospital. Medical history included type 2 diabetes, recurrent pulmonary embolisms and pre-existing diaphragmatic hernia containing part of the liver. Despite initial treatment with steroid inhalers, her clinical picture rapidly deteriorated requiring emergency intubation and positive pressure ventilation.

Risk stratification for malignant progression in Barrett's esophagus: Gender, age, duration and year of surveillance.

Aim: To clarify risk based upon segment length, diagnostic histological findings, patient age and year of surveillance, duration of surveillance and gender.

Methods: Patients registered with the United Kingdom Barrett's Oesophagus Registry from 9 United Kingdom centers were included. The outcome measures were (1) development of all grades of dysplasia; (2) development of high-grade of dysplasia or adenocarcinoma; and (3) development of adenocarcinoma.

Toward More Efficient Surveillance of Barrett's Esophagus: Identification and Exclusion of Patients at Low Risk of Cancer.

Background: Endoscopic surveillance of Barrett's esophagus (BE) is probably not cost-effective. A sub-population with BE at increased risk of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) who could be targeted for cost-effective surveillance was sought.

Methods: The outcome for BE surveillance from 2003 to 2012 in a structured program was reviewed.

Bariatric Surgery in Obese Women of Reproductive Age Improves Conditions That Underlie Fertility and Pregnancy Outcomes: Retrospective Cohort Study of UK National Bariatric Surgery Registry (NBSR).

Background: The aims of this study are the following: to describe the female population of reproductive age having bariatric surgery in the UK, to assess the age and ethnicity of women accessing surgery, and to assess the effect of bariatric surgery on factors that underlie fertility and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: Demographic details, comorbidities, and operative type of women aged 18-45 years were extracted from the National Bariatric Surgery Registry (NBSR). A comparison was made with non-operative cases (aged 18-45 and BMI ≥40 kg/m) from the Health Survey for England (HSE, 2007-2013).

Effect of antireflux surgery for Barrett's esophagus: long-term results.

Introduction: Barrett's esophagus is a metaplastic change in the lower esophagus that results from long-standing gastro-esophageal reflux disease, associated with a risk of development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. This review examines the role of antireflux surgery in the management of Barrett's esophagus.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic review of the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases (1974-2016) was undertaken to identify studies with long-term follow-up examining the role of antireflux surgery in Barrett's esophagus.

The socioeconomic profile of a Barrett's oesophagus cohort assessed by the 2010 Index of Multiple Deprivation.

Background: Several reports have described the relationship between socioeconomic status and oesophageal adenocarcinoma but only one with its precursor condition, Barrett's oesophagus. We therefore investigated such an association.

Patients: The majority (88%) of patients diagnosed with Barrett's at Rotherham District General Hospital between 28 April 1978 and 31 August 2012 consented to inclusion in the UK Barrett's Oesophagus Registry.

Surgical treatments for esophageal cancers.

The following, from the 12th OESO World Conference: Cancers of the Esophagus, includes commentaries on the role of the nurse in preparation of esophageal resection (ER); the management of patients who develop high-grade dysplasia after having undergone Nissen fundoplication; the trajectory of care for the patient with esophageal cancer; the influence of the site of tumor in the choice of treatment; the best location for esophagogastrostomy; management of chylous leak after esophagectomy; the optimal approach to manage thoracic esophageal leak after esophagectomy; the choice for operational approach in surgery of cardioesophageal crossing; the advantages of robot esophagectomy; the place of open esophagectomy; the advantages of esophagectomy compared to definitive chemoradiotherapy; the pathologist report in the resected specimen; the best way to manage patients with unsuspected positive microscopic margin after ER; enhanced recovery after surgery for ER: expedited care protocols; and long-term quality of life in patients following esophagectomy.

Comparative genomic analysis of esophageal cancers.

The following, from the 12th OESO World Conference: Cancers of the Esophagus, includes commentaries on comparative genomic analysis of esophageal cancers: genomic polymorphisms, the genetic and epigenetic drivers in esophageal cancers, and the collection of data in the UK Barrett's Oesophagus Registry.

Barrett's oesophagus: Evidence from the current meta-analyses.

Guidelines have been published regarding the management of Barrett's oesophagus (columnar-lined oesophagus). These have examined the role of surveillance in an effort to detect dysplasia and early cancer. The guidelines have provided criteria for enrolment into surveillance and some risk stratification with regard to surveillance interval.

Lifetime risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus.

Aim: To investigate the lifetime risk of development of esophageal adenocarcinoma and/or high-grade dysplasia in patients diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus.

Methods: Data were extracted from the United Kingdom National Barrett's Oesophagus Registry on date of diagnosis, patient age and gender of 7877 patients from who had been registered from 35 United Kingdom centers. Life expectancy was evaluated from United Kingdom National Statistics data based upon gender and age at year at diagnosis.