Comparison between younger and older drivers of the effect of obstacle direction on the minimum obstacle distance to brake and avoid a motor vehicle accident.

Our objectives were to determine the effects of age and direction of appearance of an obstacle on the minimum obstacle distance to brake and avoid a motor vehicle accident. Ten younger and 10 older drivers were tested in a custom-made driving simulator using an animation of a straight suburban road. Driving at 50 km/h, participants suddenly encountered pedestrians appearing at increasingly closer distances in front, from the left or from the right.

Ex vivo experiments of a new injection cannula for vertebroplasty.

Study Design: An experimental study using cadaveric vertebrae.

Objectives: To measure the injection pressure in an ex vivo model and determine whether the redesigned cannula, featuring 2 distinct sections of different diameters, significantly reduces the injection pressure.

Summary Of Background Data: An important limitation of vertebroplasty is the excessive pressure required to inject sufficient cement.