[Precision medicine in oncology: A reality… without equity].

The prognostic of certain cancers improved significantly in recent years thanks not only to the launch of innovative treatments but also to progress made in the diagnostic field. Thus, next-generation sequencing (NGS) became paramount to help characterizing tumors and selecting the most pertinent treatments. The survey conducted by a multi stakeholder committee, at the end of 2022, with 103 actors of the management of cancer patients (public and private centers, labs, prescribers, biologists, pathologists, direction) confirmed the heterogeneity of use of NGS tests across France due to, mainly, the lack of systematic reimbursement of related costs.

Use of hospital big data to optimize and personalize laboratory test interpretation with an application.

Background And Aims: In laboratory medicine, test results are generally interpreted with 95% reference intervals but correlations between laboratory tests are usually ignored. We aimed to use hospital big data to optimize and personalize laboratory data interpretation, focusing on platelet count.

Material And Methods: Laboratory tests were extracted from the hospital database and exploited by an algorithmic stepwise procedure.

Circulating Biomarkers Predictive of Treatment Response in Patients with Hormone-sensitive or Castration-resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Background And Objective: Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) harbors genomic alterations that may predict targeted therapy efficacy. These alterations can be identified not only in tissue but also directly in biologic fluids (ie, liquid biopsies), mainly blood. Liquid biopsies may represent a safer and less invasive alternative for monitoring patients treated for mPCa.

Sexually and non-sexually transmitted infections and the risk of prostate cancer: Results from the EPICAP study.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is by far the most common type of cancer among men in western countries. However, relatively little is known about its etiology despite the high morbidity and mortality. It has been suggested that chronic inflammation may be involved in prostate carcinogenesis.

Circulating tumour cells and PD-L1-positive small extracellular vesicles: the liquid biopsy combination for prognostic information in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minimally invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers. This study investigated whether they predict prognosis, alone or in combination, in heterogenous unbiased non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods: Plasma samples of 54 advanced NSCLC patients from a prospective clinical trial.

Conversation between a clinical biologist and an artificial intelligence on prostate cancer biomarkers: a critical reading.

Artificial intelligence is increasingly used in the field of medicine as a diagnostic aid, particularly for image analysis and more generally for data processing. Many artificial intelligence-based tools have been specifically developed for clinical biology, but some more general ones can help to improve the dissemination of medical knowledge. To test whether and to what extent an automated conversation tool could answer questions on a clinical biology topic (i.

[Immuno-analytical characteristics of PSA and derived biomarkers (total PSA, free PSA, p2PSA)].

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the recommended tumor marker for individual screening and follow-up of prostate cancer. This paper reviews main structural and physiological data about prostate specific antigen isoforms: total PSA, free PSA, [-2]proPSA (also named p2PSA). It describes the pre-, per- and post-analytical conditions for these different parameters.

Urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnosis and NMIBC follow-up: a systematic review.

Background: Bladder cancer detection and follow-up is based on cystoscopy and/or cytology, but it remains imperfect and invasive. Current research focuses on diagnostic biomarkers that could improve bladder cancer detection and follow-up by discriminating patients at risk of aggressive cancer who need confirmatory TURBT (Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour) from patients at no risk of aggressive cancer who could be spared from useless explorations.

Objective: To perform a systematic review of data on the clinical validity and clinical utility of eleven urinary biomarkers (VisioCyt, XpertBladder, BTA stat, BTA TRAK™, NMP22 BC, NMP22 BladderChek Test, ImmunoCyt™/uCyt1+™, UroVysion Bladder Cancer Kit, Cxbladder, ADXBLADDER, Urodiag) for bladder cancer diagnosis and for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) follow-up.

Occupation and prostate Cancer risk: results from the epidemiological study of prostate cancer (EPICAP).

Background: Although prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent male cancer in industrialized countries, little is known about its aetiology. The literature has suggested an influence of the environment, including occupational exposures, but results are inconsistent. In this context, we investigated PCa risk associated to employment among several occupations using data from EPICAP study.

[Clinical use and evolution of circulating biomarkers in the era of personalized oncology: From protein markers to bioclinical scores].

In oncology, the identification of targets that correlate with a type of cancer has led to a profound change in the notion of "tumor markers". Technological advances, in particular the development of high-throughput sequencing, have led to the emergence of a new generation of molecular biomarkers for tumors. Despite their limited utility for screening and diagnosis, conventional tumor markers remain interesting for evaluation of prognoses, the choice and optimization of treatments, as well as for monitoring the effectiveness of those treatments.

Mass Spectrometry as a Highly Sensitive Method for Specific Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in NSCLC: A Comparison Study.

Plasma-based tumor mutational profiling is arising as a reliable approach to detect primary and therapy-induced resistance mutations required for accurate treatment decision making. Here, we compared the FDA-approved Cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 with the UltraSEEK™ Lung Panel on the MassARRAY System on detection of mutations, accompanied with preanalytical sample assessment using the novel Liquid IQ Panel. 137 cancer patient-derived cell-free plasma samples were analyzed with the Cobas and UltraSEEK™ tests.

Body mass index trajectories and prostate cancer risk: Results from the EPICAP study.

Elevated body mass index (BMI) has been inconsistently associated with prostate cancer occurrence but it has been suggested that life course adulthood obesity may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. However, few studies have investigated lifetime BMI and prostate cancer risk. We analyzed life course BMI trajectories on prostate cancer risk based on data from the Epidemiological study of Prostate Cancer (EPICAP).

Circadian genes polymorphisms, night work and prostate cancer risk: Findings from the EPICAP study.

Over the past two decades, several studies have attempted to understand the hypothesis that disrupting the circadian rhythm may promote the development of cancer. Some have suggested that night work and some circadian genes polymorphisms are associated with cancer, including prostate cancer. Our study aims to test the hypothesis that prostate cancer risk among night workers may be modulated by genetic polymorphisms in the circadian pathway genes based on data from the EPICAP study, a population-based case-control study including 1511 men (732 cases/779 controls) with genotyped data.

Promoter Hypermethylation is Associated with Good Prognosis and Chemosensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

The aberrant hypermethylation of promoter CpG islands induces the decreased expression of BRCA1 Breast Cancer 1 protein. It can be detected in sporadic breast cancer without pathogenic variants, particularly in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). We investigated hypermethylation status (by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and MassARRAY assays), and BRCA1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and their clinicopathological significance in 248 chemotherapy-naïve TNBC samples.

[Development of molecular analysis by digital PCR for clinical practice: positioning, current applications and perspectives].

This review is the second part of the workshop on digital PCR (dPCR) proposed by the working group of the French society of clinical biology. The first part of the paper discusses the advantages and limitations of dPCR for the search of different molecular abnormalities such as point mutations, copy number variants, DNA methylation, RNA analysis and a more innovative application, the single-cell dPCR. This synthesis makes it possible to propose a positioning of the dPCR compared to the other available technologies in a medical laboratory.

PIK3CA mutations early persistence in cell-free tumor DNA as a negative prognostic factor in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with hormonal therapy.

Purpose: The identification of biomarkers of hormonal therapy (HT) failure would allow tailored monitoring in metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients. PIK3CA gene mutation is one of the most frequent events in mBC and is associated with HT resistance. We evaluated the early prognostic value of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) PIK3CA detection in first-line HT-treated mBC patients.

Circadian genes and risk of prostate cancer: Findings from the EPICAP study.

Circadian rhythms regulate several physiological functions and genes controlling the circadian rhythm were found to regulate cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. Few studies have investigated the role of those circadian genes in prostate cancer occurrence. We aim to investigate the relationship between circadian genes polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk based on data from the EPICAP study, a population-based case-control study including 1,515 men (732 cases / 783 controls) with genotyped data.

Relevance of total PSA and free PSA prescriptions.

The total PSA testing has been frequently criticized for its effectiveness in the early detection of prostate cancer. These widely resumed in and out of the medical community have led to a decrease in prescriptions. Recommendations against the use of PSA for screening have been issued in France and in most countries.