[Ergotism in Limoges province around the year 1000].

Saint-Martial, a former bishop in Limoges, is supposed to protect from ergotism. His relies are still publicly shown every 7 year.

[Joys and sorrows of three surgeons from Limoge from the French revolution in the Second Empire].

Léonard Cruveilhier (1760-1836), Bruno Giraud (1768-1811), Léonard Boudrye (1769-1852). The author deals with their biographies during a period marked by wars. Descended from middle-class and students in Paris they were promoted through campaigns and battles.

[Jean-Baptist Tyrbas de Chamberet (1779-1870). Military doctor, actor and witness of his time].

As military physician Tyrbas de Chamberet was a witness of his time. In 1804 he arrived in Paris and became a medical student. Later he followed the army in Italy, Spain and took part to a mission in Poland where cholera epidemic had broken.

[Raymond François Denis Pontier (1788-1854). Tribulations of an army medical officer of noble lineage].

Born from a middle class family in the ancient province of Limousin Pontier was at first an officer of Military Health Service in 1809 and attended thesis in Montpellier in 1832. Prisoner in Russia he walked back to Uzerche and after 1830 he went again to military service during the military operations in Algeria. As Medical Officer in 1852 he took part in the eastern campaign as far as Varna where he found the hospital and died of cholera.

[Gilbert Ballet (1853 - 1916). Reasonable psychiatry].

Gilbert Ballet (1853-1916) was born into a medical family in the French province of Limousin. He completed a brilliant career in Paris hospitals: Resident (1875), Assistant to Professor Charcot of Salpêtrière Hospital (1882), Consultant (1884), Head of the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (1890), and member of the Franch Academy of Medicine (1812). He had been teaching in the "Brain and mental diseases" course since 1891.

[Surgical complications and the legal expert medical evidence of attributability and causality].

The cause-effect relationship is a cornerstone of legal decisions. In the medical sphere, the expert charged with determining the attributability of adverse effects must take into account both the likely pathophysiological mechanism and the chronology, based on common sense. When proven by the expert, attributability--a medical concept--allows the judge to determine the legal implications.

[Nosocomial pathology: medico-legal incidences in surgical practices].

The nosocomial pathology concept includes all the complications taking place while performing a prevention diagnosis or during a medical treatment, proved in relation with the treatment but independent from the original pathology and its course. This notion is acknowledged in the 2002-303 law which concerns the "medical accidents, iatrogenous disease and nosocomial infections" which aetiology and damages are being assessed in the same way by registered medical experts at country level Public and administrative liability relies on the proof of a prejudicial mistake. This mistake being a failure to comply with commitments and means to identify and limit potential risks as well as to limit access to the proved damage while complying with best practice rules and regulations in force.

[Guillaume Dupuytren 1777-1835].

Dupuytren's behaviour as a professor, citizen and man can be understood through his psychoanalytical study. Account of a childhood and teenage years without love his exceptional termper led him to realize an innovative work. As a Balzac's hero he never used any compromise either diplomatic solution and his callousness was at the root of his success in life and his practise and he died in the same way as a real wolf.