Cosmetic male genital surgery: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Through the centuries the appearance of the male genitalia has always been an important concern for men, symbolizing virility, potency and sexual contentment. Correction of perceived deficiencies and deformities of the male genitalia can be addressed by aesthetic surgery as well as the enhancement its external aspect. If the social acceptance of cosmetic surgery, particularly of women's breasts, dates from the early 1950s, male intimate cosmetic surgery emerged from the shadows about 10 years ago with a medical community still very suspicious and reproachful.

Anatomical Study of the Penile Suspensory System: A Surgical Application to Micropenis.

Unlabelled: Penile enlargement surgery is the second most desired cosmetic procedure in men worldwide. The mainstay of penile lengthening procedures is a partial release of the penile suspensory ligament system. Concerns regarding erect penis stability after this procedure have been raised by the surgical community.

Chronic isolated radial head dislocation in adults: Technical note and literature review.

Isolated traumatic radial head dislocation is exceedingly rare in adults, usually diagnosed on an emergency basis, and reduced by external manoeuvres. If the diagnosis is not made immediately, external reduction is no longer feasible. Various options have been described for treating these chronic forms, including therapeutic abstention, radial head resection and annular ligamentoplasty combined, if appropriate, with osteotomy of the ulna.

Curvilinear Multiplanar Reconstruction to Predict Useful Length and Diameter of Cochlear Lumen for Cochlear Implantation.

Objective: Evaluate the useful length and the diameter of the cochlear lumen (CL) using routine imaging before cochlear implantation to study inter-individual variability and its impact on the insertion depth of the electrode carrier (EC).

Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Linear relationship between lateralization of the bicipital groove and humeral retroversion and its link with the biepicondylar humeral line. Anatomical study of seventy cadaveric humerus scans.

Introduction: Morphological studies of the humerus have shown that the position of the bicipital groove varies with the individual and the retroversion of the humeral head. Depending on the authors, these two parameters are independent or associated. This study evaluated the relationship between the humeral head axis and its retroversion and the bicipital groove relative to the humeral biepicondylar line.

Unilateral duplication of the acromioclavicular joint: case report and literature review.

Clavicle duplication is a rare anatomical variation of the scapular belt: only seven cases have been reported in the literature to date, and only one took note of the existence of a duplication of the acromioclavicular joint. Two hypotheses have been proposed to interpret this variation: genetic factors, or trauma occurred in the growth period. Clavicle duplication should not be mistaken for a quite frequent coracoclavicular joint widely described.

Accessory soleus muscle: a difficult diagnosis: a case report and a review of the literature.

In this article, we report the case of a patient with a symptomatic accessory soleus muscle with an atypical clinical presentation. As the existence of this accessory muscle went unrecognized for a long time, various diagnoses of the patient's condition were made. Initially, the patient was treated for muscle strain and compartment syndrome, but the second MRI revealed the accessory muscle and led to appropriate diagnosis and surgical treatment.

CT-scan imaging of iron marked chorda tympani nerve: anatomical study and educational perspectives.

The chorda tympani nerve (CTN) is the last collateral branch of the facial nerve in its third intraosseous portion just over the stylomastoid foramen. After a curved course against the medial aspect of the tympanum where it is likely to be injured in middle ear surgery, CTN reaches the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa. Knowledge of CTN topographic anatomy is not easily achieved by the students because of the deep location of this thin structure.

Is Thiel's embalming method widely known? A world survey about its use.

Introduction: Thiel's embalming technique, first described by Thiel in 1992, conserves texture and colour in cadavers close to that observed in the living. It would appear that few anatomy laboratories use this method, and literature describing its use worldwide is sparse. The aim of our study was to conduct a worldwide survey on the use of this method.

Flexibility of Thiel's embalmed cadavers: the explanation is probably in the muscles.

Introduction: The flexibility of cadavers conserved using Thiel's embalming method remains unexplained. We aimed to perform microscopic comparison of muscle and tendon fibres from fresh cadavers (FC), formaldehyde-preserved cadavers (FPC) and cadavers conserved by Thiel's method (TC).

Methods: Muscle and tendon biopsies performed on FC, FPC and TC were conditioned and stained by Masson's trichrome, Sirius red and Ramon y Cajal, then studied under optical microscope.

Posterior perilunate carpal dislocation associated with a multifragmentary distal radius fracture.

Dorsal perilunate wrist dislocations are rare. Associated carpal bones or radial styloid process fractures can occur and be included in the current classifications. The authors report an unusual association of dorsal perilunate wrist dislocation with a multifragmentary distal radius fracture.

A simple method to locate mandibular foramen: preliminary radiological study.

Introduction: The position of mandibular foramen is variable at the medial aspect of mandibular ramus. Nevertheless its location is useful for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon in orthognatic surgery, especially in vertical ramus osteotomy (VRO) procedure. The aim of our study is to analyse the position of mandibular foramen in order to provide simple and reliable surgical landmarks.

Open reduction and internal fixation of low subcondylar fractures of mandible through high cervical transmasseteric anteroparotid approach.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the functional and radiologic results of low subcondylar fracture fixation with modus TCP plates (Medartis, Basel, Switzerland) using a high cervical transmasseteric anteroparotid approach.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was designed, enrolling all minimum-aged 15-year-old echomorphology patients presenting with displaced low subcondylar fracture with occlusion disturbances during a 41-month period. All fractures were fixed with modus TCP plates using high cervical transmasseteric anteroparotid approach.

Comparison of fresh and Thiel's embalmed cadavers according to the suitability for ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia of the cervical region.

Introduction: Ultrasound-guided punctures are a new technique in anesthesia. However, training in these techniques requires conditions resembling real life as far as possible for learning purposes. Several models are available, but none associates realistic anatomy and lifelike sensations of the passage of fascias.

Spatial relationships between lingual nerve and mandibular ramus: original study method, clinical and educational applications.

Lingual nerve damage complicating oral surgery would sometimes require electrographic exploration. Nevertheless, direct recording of conduction in lingual nerve requires its puncture at the foramen ovale. This method is too dangerous to be practiced routinely in these diagnostic indications.

A new anatomical technique to investigate nerves by imagery.

Introduction: We describe a novel post mortem technique that makes it possible to visualise the nerve structure of the brachial plexus using imaging.

Materials And Methods: We dissected in situ the brachial plexus of a cadaver preserved by formaldehyde. A preparation composed of a mixture of baryte powder, water and colorant, was applied to all sides of the brachial plexus and blood vessels of the region under study.

Comparison of two techniques for retrograde tracheal intubation in human fresh cadavers.

Background: During retrograde tracheal intubation, the short distance existing between the cricothyroid membrane and vocal cords may be responsible for accidental extubation. The insertion of a catheter into the trachea before the removal of the guide wire may help to cope with this problem. This work was conducted to study the impact of such a modification on the success rate and the duration of the procedure.

The reversed Delta shoulder prosthesis in reconstruction of the proximal humerus after tumour resection.

The authors present two series of six and seven patients respectively, with a tumour of the proximal humerus, who were treated at two different institutions with a Delta type inverted shoulder prosthesis (DePuy International Ltd) after a Malawer type Ia or Ib resection. The rationale of using an inverted shoulder prosthesis is the aim to improve the functional outcome in rotator cuff deficient shoulders. This type of prosthesis medializes and lowers the centre of rotation, lengthens the lever arm of the deltoid muscle and improves its function.