Male Circumcision and Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in Males and Their Female Sexual Partners: Findings From the HPV Infection and Transmission Among Couples Through Heterosexual Activity (HITCH) Cohort Study.

Background: Previous studies examining the association between male circumcision (MC) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have reported inconsistent results. We used data from the HPV Infection and Transmission Among Couples Through Heterosexual Activity (HITCH) cohort study to examine the association between MC and HPV infections in males and their female sexual partners.

Methods: We enrolled monogamous couples in a longitudinal study between 2005 and 2011 in Montreal, Canada.

Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen Allele Sharing in Human Papillomavirus Infection Transmission Among Heterosexual Couples: Findings From the HITCH Cohort Study.

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphism influences innate and adaptive immune responses. Among heterosexual couples in the HPV Infection and Transmission Among Couples Through Heterosexual Activity (HITCH) cohort study, we examined whether allele sharing in a couple predicted the partners' infections with the same human papillomavirus (HPV) type.

Methods: We tested genital samples from 271 couples for 36 HPV genotypes by polymerase chain reaction.

Proportion of Incident Genital Human Papillomavirus Detections not Attributable to Transmission and Potentially Attributable to Latent Infections: Implications for Cervical Cancer Screening.

Background: Infections with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) may enter a latent state, and eventually become reactivated following loss of immune control. It is unclear what proportion of incident HPV detections are reactivations of previous latent infections vs new transmissions.

Methods: The HPV Infection and Transmission among Couples through Heterosexual activity (HITCH) cohort study prospectively followed young newly formed heterosexual partners recruited between 2005 and 2011 in Montréal, Canada.

Adverse vacuolation in multiple tissues in cynomolgus monkeys following repeat-dose administration of a PEGylated protein.

PEGylation is considered a safe mechanism to enhance the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of biotherapeutics. Previous studies using PEGylation as a PK enhancement tool have reported benign PEG-related vacuolation in multiple tissues. This paper establishes a threshold for PEG burden beyond which there are alterations in tissue architecture that could potentially lead to dysfunction.

Industry-contract research organization pathology interactions: a perspective of contract research organizations in producing the best quality pathology report.

This article provides observations on the features of sponsor-contract research organization communication that will achieve the best quality pathology report based on our collective experience. Information on the test article and any anticipated findings should be provided, and initial slide examination should be done with knowledge of treatment group (but may be followed by blinded review of target tissues to determine no-effect levels). Only a pathologist should write or revise the pathology report or the pathology section of the overall study report.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, 45 DNA loads and HPV-16 integration in persistent and transient infections in young women.

Background: HPV burden is a predictor for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. The natural history of HPV load in young women being recently exposed to HPV is described in this paper.

Methods: A total of 636 female university students were followed for 2 years.

A 4-week intrathecal toxicity and pharmacokinetic study with trastuzumab in cynomolgus monkeys.

Trastuzumab is indicated for the treatment of patients with breast cancer overexpressing human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2). Women with HER2-positive tumors have an increased risk of brain metastases. The blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier may prevent trastuzumab from reaching appropriate concentrations in the brain and CSF following standard intravenous administration.

Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions of the rat and mouse respiratory tract.

The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North America (STP) to develop an internationally-accepted nomenclature for proliferative and non-proliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in the respiratory tract of laboratory rats and mice, with color photomicrographs illustrating examples of some lesions. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet (http://www.

Food reservoir for Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections.

Closely related strains of Escherichia coli have been shown to cause extraintestinal infections in unrelated persons. This study tests whether a food reservoir may exist for these E. coli.

Histopathology of hemangiosarcomas in mice and hamsters and liposarcomas/fibrosarcomas in rats associated with PPAR agonists.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, diabetes, and related complications. Consequently, the identification of PPAR subtypes and the potential for their activation provides promising therapeutic targets for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Available data from rodent carcinogenicity studies, however, demonstrate that PPAR agonists can be tumorigenic in one or more species of rodents at multiple sites.

Human papillomavirus type 33 polymorphisms and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix.

Background: We investigated the association between polymorphisms of human papillomavirus (HPV)-33 and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs).

Methods: Endocervical specimens from 89 women infected with HPV-33, out of a total of 5347 recruited for 2 case-control and 2 cohort studies, were further analyzed by polymerase chain reaction sequencing of the long control region (LCR), E6, and E7.

Results: Of the 89 samples, 64 were normal, 7 had low-grade SILs (including 3 determined by histopathologic analysis), 15 had high-grade SILs (HSILs, including 14 determined by histopathologic analysis), and 3 had an unknown diagnosis.

Modeling the sexual transmissibility of human papillomavirus infection using stochastic computer simulation and empirical data from a cohort study of young women in Montreal, Canada.

The authors estimated plausible ranges of the probability of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission per coital act among newly forming couples by using stochastic computer simulation. Comparative empirical data were obtained in 1996-2001 from a cohort study of female university students in Montreal, Canada. Female prevalence and frequency of sexual intercourse and condom use were set equal to those in the cohort.

The natural history of type-specific human papillomavirus infections in female university students.

Little is known about the average duration of type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and their patterns of persistence. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the rate of acquisition and clearance of specific HPV types in young women. Female university students (n = 621) in Montreal were followed for 24 months at 6-month intervals.