A personal reflection: What I learned about diversity, inclusivity and equity because of a young homeless man and his dog.

Who are homeless youths? This is the question I asked after observing a young man and his dog in the lobby of a bank on a cold January evening in Montreal. In attempting to answer this question I found that a universally accepted definition for "homeless youth" does not exist. Nonetheless, research exist that define who they are, the issues associated with homelessness and the health risks they face on the street.

Naturally Acquired Genotype-Specific HPV Seroreactivity and Subsequent HPV Detection Among Heterosexual Partners.

The protective effect of naturally acquired humoral immunity against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains unclear. To investigate the role of infection-induced antibodies on HPV detection in heterosexual partners, we used data from 392 unvaccinated couples (females aged 18-25 years attended up to six visits over 2 years; males aged 17-37 years attended up to two visits 4 months apart) enrolled (2005-2011) in Montreal. Genital and blood samples were HPV DNA genotyped and tested for L1 antibody titers of 14 HPV genotypes.

HPV vaccination and anal HPV infection in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.

Background: Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) have a higher risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and related diseases and would benefit from preventive measures such as HPV vaccination. We assessed the association between HPV vaccination and anal HPV infection in HIV-negative gbMSM and gbMSM living with HIV from the Lubricant Investigation in Men to Inhibit Transmission of HPV Infection study.

Methods: Participants attended 7 visits over 12 months where they provided a nurse-collected anal sample and self-completed a questionnaire on risk factors and HPV vaccination.

What do we know about Objective Structured Clinical Examination in Sport and Exercise Medicine? A scoping review.

Background And Objectives: Despite the importance of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Sport and Exercise Medicine, the literature on the topic is fragmented and has been poorly developed. The goal of this review was to map current knowledge about how the OSCE is used in Sport and Exercise Medicine, and to identify knowledge gaps for future research.

Method: The authors conducted a scoping review.

Empirical sample-specific approaches to define HPV16 and HPV18 seropositivity in unvaccinated, young, sexually active women.

Given low seroconversion rates following human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, fixed external cutoffs may lead to errors in estimating HPV seroprevalence. We evaluated finite mixture modeling (FMM) and group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) among unvaccinated, sexually active, HPV-exposed women to determine study-specific HPV16 and HPV18 seropositivity thresholds. We included 399 women (aged 18-24 years) enrolled in the HPV Infection and Transmission Among Couples Through Heterosexual Activity (HITCH) cohort study between 2005 and 2011 in Montreal, Canada.

Impact of a carrageenan gel on viral load of genital human papillomavirus infections in sexually active women: Findings from the Carrageenan-gel Against Transmission of Cervical Human papillomavirus (CATCH) trial.

Previous research has shown that women's use of a carrageenan gel reduces the risk of acquiring genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections but does not help to clear existing ones. Although gel use may not result in complete clearance, it may decrease the viral load of HPV infections. We tested this hypothesis in the Carrageenan-gel Against Transmission of Cervical Human papillomavirus (CATCH) randomized controlled trial.

Serologic response to human papillomavirus genotypes following vaccination: findings from the HITCH cohort study.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection contributes to approximately 5% of the worldwide cancer burden. The three-dose HPV vaccine has demonstrated immunogenicity and efficacy. Humoral responses may be critical for preventing, controlling, and/or eliminating HPV infection.

Efficacy and safety of a self-applied carrageenan-based gel to prevent human papillomavirus infection in sexually active young women (CATCH study): an exploratory phase IIB randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Carrageenan demonstrated potent anti-HPV (human papillomavirus) activity and in animal models. The Carrageenan-gel Against Transmission of Cervical Human papillomavirus trial's interim analysis (n = 277) demonstrated a 36% protective effect of carrageenan against incident HPV infections. Herein, we report the trial's final results.

Adolescent medicine training in postgraduate family medicine education: a scoping review.

Introduction: Adolescents and young adults require age-appropriate healthcare services delivered by clinicians with expertise in adolescent medicine. However, resident family physicians report a low perceived self-efficacy and under-preparedness to deliver adolescent medical care. We conducted a scoping review to map the breadth and depth of the current evidence about adolescent medicine training for family medicine residents.

Serologic Response to Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Among Unvaccinated Women: Findings From the HITCH Cohort Study.

Background: Humoral immune responses may be critical for preventing, controlling, and/or eliminating human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. We analyzed humoral response to natural HPV infection considering phylogenetic relatedness among unvaccinated women.

Methods: We included 399 young women attending university/college in Montreal, Canada who were participants of the HITCH cohort.

Survey of Medical Student Empathy at a Canadian Medical School: A Cross-Sectional Quantitative Survey.

Introduction: Within a medical context, empathy is defined as "an appropriate understanding and communication of a patient's experience." While it has been established that empathy is an important quality to have as a doctor, studies have shown that empathy in medical students declines during their clinical years. However, there are no studies to date that evaluate medical student empathy in Canada.

Male Circumcision and Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in Males and Their Female Sexual Partners: Findings From the HPV Infection and Transmission Among Couples Through Heterosexual Activity (HITCH) Cohort Study.

Background: Previous studies examining the association between male circumcision (MC) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections have reported inconsistent results. We used data from the HPV Infection and Transmission Among Couples Through Heterosexual Activity (HITCH) cohort study to examine the association between MC and HPV infections in males and their female sexual partners.

Methods: We enrolled monogamous couples in a longitudinal study between 2005 and 2011 in Montreal, Canada.

Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen Allele Sharing in Human Papillomavirus Infection Transmission Among Heterosexual Couples: Findings From the HITCH Cohort Study.

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphism influences innate and adaptive immune responses. Among heterosexual couples in the HPV Infection and Transmission Among Couples Through Heterosexual Activity (HITCH) cohort study, we examined whether allele sharing in a couple predicted the partners' infections with the same human papillomavirus (HPV) type.

Methods: We tested genital samples from 271 couples for 36 HPV genotypes by polymerase chain reaction.

Protection to Self and to One's Sexual Partner After Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Preliminary Analysis From the Transmission Reduction And Prevention with HPV Vaccination Study.

Background: It is unknown whether recently human papillomavirus (HPV)-vaccinated individuals confer protection against vaccine-preventable HPV types to their partners.

Methods: Participants 18 to 45 years old who were living in Montreal, Canada, and in a heterosexual relationship of 6 months or less were randomly assigned to receive the intervention HPV vaccine, Gardasil or Gardasil 9, or active control (AC), Avaxim, a hepatitis A vaccine. Couples attended a maximum of 6 clinic visits (baseline and at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months) and provided genital samples for detection of 36 HPV genotypes.

Efficacy of a Carrageenan Gel in Increasing Clearance of Anal Human Papillomavirus Infections in Men: Interim Analysis of a Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Unlabelled: Preclinical studies have demonstrated carrageenan's anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) activity. We assessed efficacy of a carrageenan-based gel compared to a placebo gel in increasing the clearance of anal HPV infections among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM). Of 255 enrolled gbMSM, 134 were HPV positive at baseline and had valid HPV results for ≥2 visits.

Proportion of Incident Genital Human Papillomavirus Detections not Attributable to Transmission and Potentially Attributable to Latent Infections: Implications for Cervical Cancer Screening.

Background: Infections with human papillomaviruses (HPVs) may enter a latent state, and eventually become reactivated following loss of immune control. It is unclear what proportion of incident HPV detections are reactivations of previous latent infections vs new transmissions.

Methods: The HPV Infection and Transmission among Couples through Heterosexual activity (HITCH) cohort study prospectively followed young newly formed heterosexual partners recruited between 2005 and 2011 in Montréal, Canada.

Factors affecting perceived credibility of assessment in medical education: A scoping review.

Assessment is more educationally effective when learners engage with assessment processes and perceive the feedback received as credible. With the goal of optimizing the educational value of assessment in medical education, we mapped the primary literature to identify factors that may affect a learner's perceptions of the credibility of assessment and assessment-generated feedback (i.e.

Design and methods for the Carrageenan-gel Against Transmission of Cervical Human papillomavirus (CATCH) study: A randomized controlled trial.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, a common sexually transmitted infection, is causally associated with cervical cancer. Vaccination against HPV provides protection; however, HPV vaccines are exclusively prophylactic. Carrageenan, an extract from red algae, demonstrated potent anti-HPV activity in in vitro and animal studies.

Efficacy of a carrageenan gel in preventing anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: interim analysis of the Lubricant Investigation in Men to Inhibit Transmission of HPV Infection (LIMIT-HPV) randomised controlled trial.

Background: Carrageenan, a non-toxic gelling agent derived from red algae, has potent anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) activity in in vitro and animal studies. We assessed, in an interim analysis, the efficacy of a carrageenan-based gel in reducing the risk of new detections of anal HPV among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM).

Methods: The LIMIT-HPV study (Lubricant Investigation in Men to Inhibit Transmission of HPV Infection) is a phase IIb, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial conducted in Montreal, Canada.

Sex- and Type-specific Genital Human Papillomavirus Transmission Rates Between Heterosexual Partners: A Bayesian Reanalysis of the HITCH Cohort.

Background: It is unclear whether sexual transmission rates of human papillomaviruses (HPV) differ between sexes and HPV types. We estimate updated transmission rates from the final HITCH cohort study and propose an estimation method that accounts for interval-censored data and infection clearance.

Methods: We enrolled young women 18-24 years old and their male sex partners ≥18 years old in Montréal, Canada, between 2005 and 2011.

Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D With Prevalence, Incidence, and Clearance of Vaginal HPV Infection in Young Women.

Background: We assessed the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and genital human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence, incidence, and clearance among female participants in the HPV Infection and Transmission among Couples through Heterosexual activity (HITCH) Cohort Study.

Methods: We genotyped HPV DNA in vaginal samples and quantified baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels using Roche's Linear Array and Total vitamin D assay, respectively. We used logistic and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively, to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).