Ocular tolerance in rabbits after intracameral administration of a fixed combination of tropicamide, phenylephrine, and lidocaine with and without rinsing.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of a single intracameral administration of a combined mydriatic (tropicamide and phenylephrine) and anesthetic (lidocaine) formulation (Mydrane) with or without rinsing.

Setting: Iris Pharma, La Gaude, France.

Design: Experimental study.

Norbixin Protects Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Cells and Photoreceptors against A2E-Mediated Phototoxicity In Vitro and In Vivo.

The accumulation of N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E, a toxic by-product of the visual pigment cycle) in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a major cause of visual impairment in the elderly. Photooxidation of A2E results in retinal pigment epithelium degeneration followed by that of associated photoreceptors. Present treatments rely on nutrient supplementation with antioxidants.

Comparison of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Artificial Tears in a Rat Model of Corneal Scraping.

Purpose: Artificial tears (ATs) are used routinely to alleviate the symptoms of mild to moderate dry eye. Preservative-free cationic emulsions (eg, Cationorm(®)) are an innovative approach for the management of signs and symptoms of dry eye. The aim of the present exploratory experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of this cetalkonium chloride (CKC)-containing cationic emulsion on debrided cornea and to characterize its effects on scraping-induced inflammation.

Designing dendrimers for ocular drug delivery.

New series of phosphorus-containing dendrimers, having one quaternary ammonium salt as core and carboxylic acid terminal groups have been synthesized from generation 0 (3 carboxylic acid terminal groups) to generation 2 (12 carboxylic acid terminal groups). These dendrimers react with the neutral form of carteolol (an ocular anti-hypertensive drug used to treat glaucoma) to afford ion pair (saline) species. The solubility in water of these charged dendrimers depends on the generation considered: generation 0 (3 carteolol) is well soluble, whereas generation 1 (6 carteolol) and generation 2 (12 carteolol) are poorly soluble.

Ocular pharmacokinetic study following single and multiple azithromycin administrations in pigmented rabbits.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ocular pharmacokinetic parameters observed following systemic administration are also seen following topical administration.

Methods: Azithromycin concentrations were measured by HPLC-MS in pigmented rabbits' tears, cornea, bulbar conjunctiva, and aqueous humor following single instillation and twice-daily instillations for three consecutive days of topical 1.50% azithromycin dihydrate solution.

A new method for Intra Ocular Pressure in vivo measurement: first clinical trials.

Glaucoma is an ocular disease clinically manifested by an abnormal rise of the Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP) that causes lesions of the optic nerve and can lead to blindness. Ophthalmologists currently use applanation tonometers whose utilization induces multiple constraints. We propose an investigative method being at one and the same time atraumatic and ambulatory.

Timolol 0.1% gel (Nyogel 0.1% once daily versus conventional timolol 0.5% solution twice daily: a comparison of efficacy and safety.

In a prospective, randomised, double-masked, parallel-group, multi-centre study, 210 patients with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were enrolled of whom 167 (timolol 0.1% gel 82, timolol 0.5% 85) completed the study as per protocol.

In vivo and in vitro neurotoxicity of the human prion protein (PrP) fragment P118-135 independently of PrP expression.

We recently demonstrated that the 118-135 putative transmembrane domain of prion protein (PrP) exhibited membrane fusogenic properties and induced apoptotic neuronal cell death of rat cortical neurons, independently of its aggregation state. The aim of the present study was to analyze the in vivo neurotoxicity of the prion fragment P118-135 and to evaluate the potential role of the physiological isoform of PrP in the P118-135-induced cell death. Here, we demonstrate that the nonfibrillar P118-135 is cytotoxic to retinal neurons in vivo as monitored by intravitreal inoculation and recording of the electrical activity of retina and tissue examination.