Water electrolysis: from textbook knowledge to the latest scientific strategies and industrial developments.

Replacing fossil fuels with energy sources and carriers that are sustainable, environmentally benign, and affordable is amongst the most pressing challenges for future socio-economic development. To that goal, hydrogen is presumed to be the most promising energy carrier. Electrocatalytic water splitting, if driven by green electricity, would provide hydrogen with minimal CO footprint.

Should we perform cervix removal during hysterectomy for benign uterine disease? Clinical practice guidelines from the French College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF).

Objective: To provide guidelines from the French College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (CNGOF), based on the best evidence available, concerning subtotal or total hysterectomy, for benign disease.

Methods: The CNGOF has decided to adopt the AGREE II and GRADE systems for grading scientific evidence. Each recommendation for practice was allocated a grade, which depends on the quality of evidence (QE) (clinical practice guidelines).

Fe/Ni Bimetallic Organic Framework Deposited on TiO Nanotube Array for Enhancing Higher and Stable Photoelectrochemical Activity of Oxygen Evaluation Reaction.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising strategy to improve the efficiency of oxygen evolution reactions (OERs). However, the efficient adsorption of visible light as well as long-term stability of light-harvesting electrocatalysis is the crucial issue in PEC cells. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived bimetallic electrocatalysis with its superior performance has wide application prospects in OER and PEC applications.

Organocatalytic Multicomponent Synthesis of α/β-Dipeptide Derivatives.

A straightforward multicomponent Knoevenagel-aza-Michael-cyclocondensation reaction involving readily available hydroxamic acid-derived from naturally occurring α-amino acids allows a diversity-oriented synthesis of novel isoxazolidin-5-ones possessing an N-protected α-amino acid pendant with good to high diastereoselectivities thanks to a match effect with a chiral organocatalyst. These diversely substituted heterocycles, easily isolated as a single diastereoisomer, proved to be versatile platforms for the formation of an array of α/β-dipeptide fragments.

Oxidation of polyphenols and inhibition of photosystem II under acute photooxidative stress.

We observed a close correlation between the inhibition of photosystem II and the oxidation of polyphenols during an acute oxidative stress in sunflower leaf discs. To assess the physiological significance of polyphenols as antioxidants in planta, we compared the kinetics of polyphenols oxidation with the inhibition of the photosynthetic apparatus in sunflower leaf discs exposed to an acute photooxidative stress. Illumination of leaf discs in the presence of methyl viologen induced a rapid and large non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll-a fluorescence, which was reversed after 4 h of treatment as indicated by the ≈ 30% increases of the steady-state (F) and maximal (F') levels of chlorophyll-a fluorescence relative to the first hour of treatment.

Synthesis of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite nanowires and nanotubes performed by template-assisted electrodeposition.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has received much interest for being used as bone substitutes because of its similarity with bioapatites. In form of nanowires or nanotubes, HA would offer more advantages such as better biological and mechanical properties than conventional particles (spherical). To date, no study had allowed the isolated nanowires production with simultaneously well-controlled morphology and size, narrow size distribution and high aspect ratio (length on diameter ratio).

Approach to the Mechanism of Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyzed by a Model Co Clathrochelate: A Theoretical Study by Density Functional Theory.

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has attracted much attention within the scientific community because of increasing demands of modern society for clean and renewable energy sources. Molecular complexes of 3d-transition metals, such as cobalt, hold potential to replace platinum for the HER in acidic media. Among these, cage complexes such as tris-glyoximate metal clathrochelates, have demonstrated promising catalytic properties towards the HER.

The use of FDI criteria in clinical trials on direct dental restorations: A scoping review.

Objectives: A scoping review was conducted to explore the use of FDI criteria 10 years after their introduction. The first aim was to compare the amount of studies using the FDI and/or the modified USPHS criteria. The second aim was to analyse the use of the FDI criteria in clinical trials evaluating direct dental restorations.

One-step partial or complete caries removal and bonding with antibacterial or traditional self-etch adhesives: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Current concepts in conservative dentistry advocate minimally invasive dentistry and pulp vitality preservation. Moreover, complete removal of carious dentin in deep carious lesions often leads to pulp exposure and root canal treatment, despite the absence of irreversible pulp inflammation. For years, partial caries removal has been performed on primary teeth, but little evidence supports its effectiveness for permanent teeth.

Pneumatochemical impedance spectroscopy. 2. Dynamics of hydrogen sorption by metals.

In this paper, pneumatochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to analyze multistep reaction mechanisms such as those observed in solid solution domains of LaNi5-H2(g) systems. It is shown that hydrogen sorption is a two-step mechanism including (i) dissociative surface chemisorption of molecular hydrogen and (ii) atomic hydrogen bulk transport by diffusion. Data fitting of experimental transfer functions with model equations yields the value of the kinetic parameter associated with each individual reaction step, i.

Pneumatochemical impedance spectroscopy. 1. Principles.

Pneumatochemical impedance spectroscopy (PIS) is the indirect transposition of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to solid-gas reactions. In PIS analysis, an analogy is made between pressure and electrical potential on one hand and gas flow and electric current on the other hand, and pneumatochemical transfer functions are derived from gas-phase measurements. Potentially, this spectroscopy can be used to analyze the dynamics of any solid-gas system including adsorption (surface) and absorption (bulk) phenomena, gas (H2) permeation across metallic membranes, and electrocatalysis in gaseous fuel cells.

Residual stress in hydroxyapatite coating: nonlinear analysis and high-energy synchrotron measurements.

The thermal deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) on titanium alloy substrate (Ti-6A1-4V) leads to a structure that has very good osseointegration properties. However, clinical failures have been occasionally reported at the interface between substrate and coating. Lifetime is the main parameter in such prostheses; therefore, in order to improve their quality, it is necessary to evaluate the level of stresses near the interface.