Distinct genomic contexts predict gene presence-absence variation in different pathotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae.

Fungi use the accessory gene content of their pangenomes to adapt to their environments. While gene presence-absence variation contributes to shaping accessory gene reservoirs, the genomic contexts that shape these events remain unclear. Since pangenome studies are typically species-wide and do not analyze different populations separately, it is yet to be uncovered whether presence-absence variation patterns and mechanisms are consistent across populations.

Intraspecific Variation of Transposable Elements Reveals Differences in the Evolutionary History of Fungal Phytopathogen Pathotypes.

Transposable elements (TEs) contribute to intraspecific variation and play important roles in the evolution of fungal genomes. However, our understanding of the processes that shape TE landscapes is limited, as is our understanding of the relationship between TE content, population structure, and evolutionary history of fungal species. Fungal plant pathogens, which often have host-specific populations, are useful systems in which to study intraspecific TE content diversity.

Distinct genomic contexts predict gene presence-absence variation in different pathotypes of a fungal plant pathogen.

Background: Fungi use the accessory segments of their pan-genomes to adapt to their environments. While gene presence-absence variation (PAV) contributes to shaping these accessory gene reservoirs, whether these events happen in specific genomic contexts remains unclear. Additionally, since pan-genome studies often group together all members of the same species, it is uncertain whether genomic or epigenomic features shaping pan-genome evolution are consistent across populations within the same species.

Potential Biocontrol Activities of Endophytes against Several Plant Pathogens Using Different Inhibitory Mechanisms.

The plant microbiome can be used to bolster plant defense against abiotic and biotic stresses. Some strains of endophytes, the microorganisms within plants, can directly inhibit the growth of plant fungal pathogens. A previously isolated endophyte from wild (poplar), WPB of the species , had robust in vitro antifungal activity against pathogen strains that are highly virulent and of concern to Pacific Northwest agriculture: AG-8, 70110023, and var.

The extrachromosomal circular DNAs of the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae contain a wide variety of LTR retrotransposons, genes, and effectors.

Background: One of the ways genomes respond to stress is by producing extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs). EccDNAs can contain genes and dramatically increase their copy number. They can also reinsert into the genome, generating structural variation.

Community mental health literacy in Tshwane region 1: A quantitative study.

Background: Although mental health literacy is a major determining factor of mental health outcomes and functional capacity of individuals, there is dearth of research on the issue in South Africa.

Aim: To assess the literacy of three mental disorders, namely major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and to compare the resultant assumed literacy level between urban and townships participants.

Setting: Five clinics of region 1 in Tshwane, South Africa.

Influence of first- and second-generation antipsychotics on anthropometric parameters of male psychiatric patients.

Background: The use of antipsychotic medication, particularly second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in people with severe mental illness (SMI). Few studies have compared body measures of people with SMI taking first generation antipsychotics (FGAs) to those taking SGAs.

Aim: We compare body measures between long-term male inpatients using either FGAs or SGAs.

Population and comparative genetics of thermotolerance divergence between yeast species.

Many familiar traits in the natural world-from lions' manes to the longevity of bristlecone pine trees-arose in the distant past, and have long since fixed in their respective species. A key challenge in evolutionary genetics is to figure out how and why species-defining traits have come to be. We used the thermotolerance growth advantage of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae over its sister species Saccharomyces paradoxus as a model for addressing these questions.

Successive passaging of a plant-associated microbiome reveals robust habitat and host genotype-dependent selection.

There is increasing interest in the plant microbiome as it relates to both plant health and agricultural sustainability. One key unanswered question is whether we can select for a plant microbiome that is robust after colonization of target hosts. We used a successive passaging experiment to address this question by selecting upon the tomato phyllosphere microbiome.

Patients' opinions about referral from a tertiary specialist psychiatric hospital to primary healthcare.

Background: Referral of patients from tertiary specialist psychiatric hospitals to primary healthcare settings is a worldwide goal. This is of particular importance in South Africa with its considerable burden of mental disorders and limited resources. However, patients are often reluctant to be referred and studies have shown that patients may prefer a dedicated psychiatric service over an integrated primary healthcare service.

Corrigendum: An Study of Bio-Control and Plant Growth Promotion Potential of Salicaceae Endophytes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.

Bacterial Endophyte Colonization and Distribution within Plants.

The plant endosphere contains a diverse group of microbial communities. There is general consensus that these microbial communities make significant contributions to plant health. Both recently adopted genomic approaches and classical microbiology techniques continue to develop the science of plant-microbe interactions.

An Study of Bio-Control and Plant Growth Promotion Potential of Salicaceae Endophytes.

Microbial communities in the endosphere of Salicaceae plants, poplar () and willow (), have been demonstrated to be important for plant growth promotion, protection from biotic and abiotic stresses, and degradation of toxic compounds. Our study aimed to investigate bio-control activities of Salicaceae endophytes against various soil borne plant pathogens including AG-8, var. , and .

Behaviour that underpins non-pathological criminal incapacity and automatism: Toward clarity for psychiatric testimony.

Psychiatric expert testimony is challenging in cases of violence when the accused person submits a defence that he or she was so overwhelmed by emotions triggered by an upsetting event that his or her violent behaviour was an uncontrollable consequence of the emotions. This defence is usually presented in terms of an automatism particularly not attributed to a mental disorder. Clouding testimony in these cases is the various definitions of both automatism and mental disorder-definitions by which the jurisprudential distinction is made between a sane and an insane automatism, or pathological and non-pathological incapacity (NPCI).