Risk of livedo with antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Livedo is a well-known skin condition in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which correspond to small vessels involvement. The influence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) on the occurrence of livedo is controversial. The aim of our study was to estimate the risk of livedo associated with aPL in patients with SLE.

Effects of management regime and plant species on the enzyme activity and genetic structure of N-fixing, denitrifying and nitrifying bacterial communities in grassland soils.

Management by combined grazing and mowing events is commonly used in grasslands, which influences the activity and composition of soil bacterial communities. Whether observed effects are mediated by management-induced disturbances, or indirectly by changes in the identity of major plant species, is still unknown. To address this issue, we quantified substrate-induced respiration (SIR), and the nitrification, denitrification and free-living N(2)-fixation enzyme activities below grass tufts of three major plant species (Holcus lanatus, Arrhenatherum elatius and Dactylis glomerata) in extensively or intensively managed grasslands.

One-year mortality in Bordeaux cohort: the value of syndrome classification.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of the International Classification of Epilepsy Syndromes for 1-year mortality in a prospective incidence study of first epileptic seizures.

Methods: Date and cause of death from the treating physician in an incidence study of first afebrile seizures collected 15 years ago in Southwest France. Cases were classified by epilepsy syndrome.