Influences of Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index on the Depth of the Superficial Fascia of the Arm and Thigh.

Background: Nonsurgical skin-tightening procedures are increasing in popularity because of their noninvasiveness as the energy is transdermally applied to the subcutaneous tissues.

Objective: To provide precise data on the depth of the superficial fascia for potentially safer and better targeted treatments of arms and thighs.

Methods: One hundred fifty Caucasian individuals were investigated with an equal distribution of men and women (each n = 75) and a balanced distribution of age (n = 30 per decade).

Long-lasting and permanent fillers: biomaterial influence over host tissue response.

Background: The purpose of this study was to attempt to understand why some injectable fillers produce frequent ill effects and some do not, by reviewing the available agents and analyzing them through the knowledge of biomaterial studies, which show clearly what type of reactions can be expected according to the chemical used.

Methods: A study of long-lasting and permanent fillers was performed in an attempt to understand the specific reactions induced by each agent. Agents were then compared with manufacturers' allegations and published data on complications.