[Cognitive-behavioral therapy at the Pavillon Albert-Prévost's specialized outpatient clinics during the last 50 years: innovations and evolution].

The Pavillon Albert-Prévost (PAP) has played a leading role in the development of modern psychiatry in the province of Québec. It has also been, in the francophone milieu, the teaching hospital that was the most deeply influenced by psychoanalytic theories. The arrival of somatic approaches, particularly biofeedback and relaxation, in the Psychosomatic medicine and consultation-liaison service, as introduced by Dr.

Comparison of mechanisms for contrast-invariance of orientation selectivity in simple cells.

The simple cells of the visual cortex respond over a narrow range of stimulus orientations, and this tuning is invariant to the contrast at which the stimulus is presented. The inputs to a single cell derive from a population of thalamic cells that provide a bell-shaped tuning width and offset that increases with stimulus contrast. Synaptic depression, noise and inhibition have been proposed as feedforward mechanisms to explain why these increases do not appear in simple cells.

Postsecondary academic achievement and first-episode psychosis: A mixed-methods study.

Background: Postsecondary academic achievement as an area of functional recovery for young adults living with mental illness has received little research attention.

Purpose: This study had three purposes: to compare rates of participation, performance, and satisfaction in postsecondary education between young adults with first-episode psychosis and closely matched young adults; to identify characteristics associated with academic participation; and to explore the processes associated with educational experiences.

Method: One hundred young adults ages 18 to 30 participated in the study.

Influence of asymmetric attenuation of single and paired dendritic inputs on summation of synaptic potentials and initiation of action potentials.

Previous studies revealed mechanisms of dendritic inputs leading to action potential initiation at the axon initial segment and backpropagation into the dendritic tree. This interest has recently expanded toward the communication between different parts of the dendritic tree which could preprocess information before reaching the soma. This study tested for effects of asymmetric voltage attenuation between different sites in the dendritic tree on summation of synaptic inputs and action potential initiation using the NEURON simulation environment.

Housing and home-leaving experiences of young adults with psychotic disorders: a comparative qualitative study.

Housing stability is a key component of rehabilitation for individuals with severe mental illnesses but remains a challenge for mental health service providers, particularly with young adults experiencing early mental health difficulties. The aim of this study is to explore perceptions of housing and home-leaving processes among young adults with emerging psychotic disorders and to compare it to the perceptions of young adults without psychotic disorders. A qualitative, grounded theory based, multiple case study was conducted among 52 adults aged 18-30 years old.

Transitions to adulthood in first-episode psychosis: a comparative study.

Aim: The first aim of this study is to compare attainment of five markers of transition to adulthood between young adults with first-episode psychosis and young adults without any psychopathology. The second aim is to examine if the association between age group and transition to adulthood is similar for individuals who experience first-episode psychosis versus those who do not.

Methods: Participants were 50 young adults with first-episode schizophrenia aged between 18 and 30 years old, and 50 volunteers without any psychopathology matched for sex and age.

Effects of electrical coupling among layer 4 inhibitory interneurons on contrast-invariant orientation tuning.

Simulations of orientation selectivity in visual cortex have shown that layer 4 complex cells lacking orientation tuning are ideal for providing global inhibition that scales with contrast in order to produce simple cells with contrast-invariant orientation tuning (Lauritzen and Miller in J Neurosci 23:10201-10213, 2003). Inhibitory cortical cells have been shown to be electrically coupled by gap junctions (Fukuda and Kosaka in J Neurosci 120:5-20, 2003). Such coupling promotes, among other effects, spike synchronization and coordination of postsynaptic IPSPs (Beierlein et al.

Detecting and estimating rectification of gap junction conductance based on simulations of dual-cell recordings from a pair and a network of coupled cells.

Gap junctions can exhibit rectification of conductance. Some reports use inequality of coupling coefficients as the first sign of the possible existence of rectification (Devor and Yarom, 2002; Fan et al., 2005; Levavi-Sivan et al.

[A literature review on perception of the providers and clients regarding the use of the client centered approach in psychiatry].

Background: This article presents a literature review based on the following question: According to service providers and clients, is the approach adopted by service providers in psychiatry, centred on client needs?

Purpose: To compare the perceptions of clients and service providers regarding the use of a client-centred approach and the identification of the intervention needs in psychiatry.

Methods: Medline, PsycInfo and CINAHL databases were consulted; eight studies were selected.

Results: Service providers and clients agree to the fact that the client-centred approach is not priorized in psychiatry.

Estimating conductances of dual-recorded neurons within a network of coupled cells.

Simultaneous pre- and postsynaptic cell recordings are used to calculate gap junction conductance based on an equivalent electrical circuit of an electrically coupled pair of cells. This calculation is imprecise when recording from a cell pair that is coupled to neighboring cells providing indirect conductance paths between the recorded cells. Despite this imprecision, junctional conductance has been calculated for coupled cell networks during the past 40 years since a more accurate method was lacking.

Supervised learning in a recurrent network of rate-model neurons exhibiting frequency adaptation.

For gradient descent learning to yield connectivity consistent with real biological networks, the simulated neurons would have to include more realistic intrinsic properties such as frequency adaptation. However, gradient descent learning cannot be used straightforwardly with adapting rate-model neurons because the derivative of the activation function depends on the activation history. The objectives of this study were to (1) develop a simple computational approach to reproduce mathematical gradient descent and (2) use this computational approach to provide supervised learning in a network formed of rate-model neurons that exhibit frequency adaptation.

Study of sexuality-related characteristics in young adults with schizophrenia treated with novel neuroleptics and in a comparison group of young adults.

This study compared characteristics related to sexual history, sexual activities, sexual functioning, and psychological tendencies associated with sexuality in 45 young adults with schizophrenia treated with novel neuroleptics and in 61 young adults from a comparison group. A smaller proportion of young adults with schizophrenia currently had a sexual partner or had ever engaged in sexual relations. They also had sexual relations and sexual desires less often.