Expression of Melan-A in cutaneous granular cell tumours: a diagnostic pitfall.

Morphological overlap exists between cutaneous granular cell tumours (GCT) and malignant melanoma, with the melanocyte-specific markers HMB45 and Melan-A commonly used to support the diagnosis of melanoma. We recently encountered several cases of GCT in our practice showing strong expression of Melan-A. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of positive immunohistochemical staining for Melan-A and HMB45 in a series of unequivocal GCTs.

Topical antibiotics prophylaxis for infections of indwelling pleural/peritoneal catheters (TAP-IPC): A pilot study.

Background And Objective: Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) and indwelling peritoneal catheter (IPeC) have established roles in the management of malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions but catheter-related infections remain a major concern. Topical mupirocin prophylaxis has been shown to reduce peritoneal dialysis catheter infections. This study aimed to assess the (i) compatibility of IPC with mupirocin and (ii) feasibility, tolerability and compliance of topical mupirocin prophylaxis in patients with an IPC or IPeC.

Topically applied Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil causes direct anti-cancer cytotoxicity in subcutaneous tumour bearing mice.

Background: Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil (TTO) applied topically in a dilute (10%) dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) formulation exerts a rapid anti-cancer effect after a short treatment protocol. Tumour clearance is associated with skin irritation mediated by neutrophils which quickly and completely resolves upon treatment cessation.

Objective: To examine the mechanism of action underlying the anti-cancer activity of TTO.

Multi-species bacterial biofilm and intracellular infection in otitis media.

Background: Bacteria which are metabolically active yet unable to be cultured and eradicated by antibiotic treatment are present in the middle ear effusion of children with chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) and recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM). These observations are suggestive of biofilm presence or intracellular sequestration of bacteria and may play a role in OM pathogenesis. The aim of this project is to provide evidence for the presence of otopathogenic bacteria intracellularly or within biofilm in the middle ear mucosa of children with COME or rAOM.

The role of chronic infection in children with otitis media with effusion: evidence for intracellular persistence of bacteria.

Objective: Demonstrate mucosal bacterial infection in children with otitis media with effusion (OME).

Study Design And Setting: Middle ear mucosal biopsies from 11 children with OME were examined for bacteria utilizing transmission electron microscopy. This was correlated with standard culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of middle ear effusions.

Perineurioma: a clinicopathological study of eight cases.

Aims: Perineuriomas (PN) are uncommon, benign neoplasms that mimic a number of benign and malignant soft tissue lesions. There are two main forms: a rare intraneural PN (IPN), and a relatively more common extraneural soft tissue PN (STPN) including a conventional form (STPNc), sclerosing (SPN), reticular and lipomatous variants. Their diagnosis requires immunohistochemical (IHC) and/or ultrastructural (US) confirmation of perineurial cell differentiation.

IL-2 intratumoral immunotherapy enhances CD8+ T cells that mediate destruction of tumor cells and tumor-associated vasculature: a novel mechanism for IL-2.

Therapeutic use of IL-2 can generate antitumor immunity; however, a variety of different mechanisms have been reported. We injected IL-2 intratumorally (i.t.

The safety of aerosolized diethylenetriamine nitric oxide adduct after single-dose administration to anesthetized piglets and multiple-dose administration to conscious rats.

Diethylenetriamine nitric oxide adduct (DETA/NO) is a slow-release NO donor. It has been shown to be a selective pulmonary vasodilator in acute pulmonary hypertension. However, its potential toxicity after inhalation is unknown.

Two aerosolized nitric oxide adducts as selective pulmonary vasodilators for acute pulmonary hypertension.

Study Objectives: To determine the selective vasodilatory effects of two inhaled "NONOate" aerosols in a closed chest pig model of acute pulmonary hypertension (APH).

Methods: APH was induced by IV infusion of the prostaglandin H(2)/thromboxane A(2) receptor agonist (U46619). Aerosolized diethylenetriamine nitric oxide (NO) adduct (DETA/NO, n = 4), dipropylenetriamine NO adduct (DPTA/NO, n = 4) [60 micro mol each], or placebo (n = 4) was delivered via the trachea.

The ratio of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) to non-PMN cells--a novel method of assessing acute lung inflammation.

Polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) numbers are an indicator of the degree of acute lung inflammation. However, there is no standardized system for accurately quantifying their numbers in tissue sections. Also, the effect of lung inflation on the quantification of PMN's is usually overlooked.