Clinical and immunological spectra of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Africa and French Guiana.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by infection with the parasite exhibits a large spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from single healing to severe chronic lesions with the manifestation of resistance or not to treatment. Depending on the specie and multiple environmental parameters, the evolution of lesions is determined by a complex interaction between parasite factors and the early immune responses triggered, including innate and adaptive mechanisms. Moreover, lesion resolution requires parasite control as well as modulation of the pathologic local inflammation responses and the initiation of wound healing responses.

Consistent concentrations of critically endangered Balearic shearwaters in UK waters revealed by at-sea surveys.

Aim: Europe's only globally critically endangered seabird, the Balearic shearwater (), is thought to have expanded its postbreeding range northwards into UK waters, though its at sea distribution there is not yet well understood. This study aims to identify environmental factors associated with the species' presence, map the probability of presence of the species across the western English Channel and southern Celtic Sea, and estimate the number of individuals in this area.

Location: The western English Channel and southern Celtic Sea.

Combined measurements of prey availability explain habitat selection in foraging seabirds.

Understanding links between habitat characteristics and foraging efficiency helps predict how environmental changes influence populations of top predators. This study examines whether measurements of prey (clupeids) availability varied over stratification gradients, and determined if any of those measurements coincided with aggregations of foraging seabirds (common guillemot and Manx shearwater ) in the Celtic Sea, UK. The probability of encountering foraging seabirds was highest around fronts between mixed and stratified water.

Comparative evaluation of two vaccine candidates against experimental leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major infection in four inbred mouse strains.

Experimental leishmaniasis in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are the most investigated murine models that were used for the preclinical evaluation of Leishmania vaccine candidates. We have previously described two new inbred mouse strains named PWK and MAI issued from feral founders that also support the development of experimental leishmaniasis due to L. major.

Mechanisms of the natural reactivity of lymphocytes from noninfected individuals to membrane-associated Leishmania infantum antigens.

Membrane-associated Leishmania Ags (MLA) or soluble Leishmania Ags were used in vitro to stimulate cord blood or PBMC from healthy donors noninfected by Leishmania parasites. MLA, but not soluble Leishmania Ags, constantly induce strong proliferation of cord blood mononuclear cells and PBMC from noninfected individuals. Responding cells are CD3+, CD4+, TCRalphabeta+, CD45RO+, and CD45RA+ and secrete IFN-gamma and IL-10, but not IL-4.