Evaluation of metalloproteinases-2, -9, and -13 post photobiomodulation in mice talocrural joint.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the main constituent of connective tissue with structural and regulatory functions, stimulating cell differentiation and proliferation. Moreover, ECM is a dynamic structure in the constant remodeling process, which is controlled by a balance between metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs). Photobiomodulation (PBM) is widely described in the literature and applied in clinical practices, although its effects on ECM have not yet been elucidated.

Correction to: Photobiomodulation can alter mRNA levels cell death-related.

The authors wish to clarify that Fávia de Paoli refers to "Flávia de Paoli". The authors apologise for this error.

Photobiomodulation can alter mRNA levels cell death-related.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) by low-level laser has demonstrated excellent results for inflammatory treatments, promoting repair of injured tissues. Knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in this process has been increasing, but its effect on cell death/survival-related gene expression after laser irradiation with different doses is not well understood. So, it is important to know these effects in order to guarantee the safety of therapeutic protocols based on PBM.

Task failure during standing heel raises is associated with increased power from 13 to 50 Hz in the activation of triceps surae.

The goal of this paper was to investigate the amplitude and sub-100 Hz frequency content of surface electromyography (EMG) signals obtained from agonist, antagonist and synergist muscles during a heel-raise task sustained to failure. Twenty-two healthy adults, 14 men and 8 women participated in the study. Surface EMG data from the raising and lowering phases of the movement were studied in the time (EMG amplitude) and frequency (wavelet transform) domains.