Predicting postnatal renal function of prenatally detected posterior urethral valves using fetal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient determination.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of fetal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) determination to predict postnatal renal function (nadir creatinine at 1 year and eGFR) of men with posterior urethral valves (PUV).

Methods: Between 2003 and 2014, 11 MRI were performed on fetuses (between 28 and 32 weeks) in whom second trimester sonography suggested severe bilateral urinary tract anomalies, suspected of PUV.

Results: The ADC of the 11 fetuses ranged from 1.

Fetal megacystis: etiologies, management, and outcome according to the trimester.

Objective: To describe the diagnostic criteria and outcome of fetal megacystis according to the gestational age at diagnosis.

Methods: A 7-year retrospective study was carried out from 2004 to 2011, including cases of megacystis referred to 2 prenatal fetal medicine units. The following data were collected and analyzed: maternal age, term at diagnosis (gestational weeks), ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging data, karyotype, decision of the multidisciplinary prenatal team, fetopathology in cases of termination of pregnancy or fetal death, final diagnosis at birth after ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrography, and medical and surgical follow-up.

Value of diagnosis imaging in the evaluation of the severity of histological lesions in duplex systems.

Objective: In order to determine the effectiveness of imagery in the assessment of the severity of histological lesions in duplex systems in children we compared histology results from heminephrectomies with diagnosis imaging findings [renal ultrasound (US), scintigraphy, unenhanced and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imagery (MRI)].

Materials And Methods: Between 2007 and 2013, 34 children with duplex system underwent surgery. The results from US (n = 34), dimer captosuccinic acid scintigraphy (n = 23) and MRI (n = 16) were compared with histological data.

Minor hypospadias: the "tip of the iceberg" of the partial androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Background: Androgens are critical in male external genital development. Alterations in the androgen sensitivity pathway have been identified in severely undermasculinized boys, and mutations of the androgen receptor gene (AR) are usually found in partial or complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS).

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether even the most minor forms of isolated hypospadias are associated with AR mutations and thus whether all types of hypospadias warrant molecular analysis of the AR.

Congenital Megaprepuce: surgical approach.

Objective: To describe surgical procedure and results of Congenital Megaprepuce (CMP) that consists in phimosis and megaprepuce; glans and corpora trapped into pre-pubic fat; incomplete micturition with typical "ballooning" aspect.

Methods: Genitoplasty with penoscrotal separation (GPS) was performed at Pediatric Surgery Department of Hospital Nord - Marseille, between July and December 2010, in 5 uncircumcised children with CMP, by the same surgeon. Transversal incision at the ventral penoscrotal junction was used, with shaft bipartition and Buck's ventral fascia exposition.

Antegrade percutaneous balloon dilation of ureteral strictures after failed pelviureteric or ureterovesical reimplantation in children.

Objectives: To assess the morbidity and success rate of percutaneous treatment of the postoperative ureteric strictures in children.

Materials And Methods: Between January 1994 and December 2003, 12 children were treated by antegrade percutaneous balloon dilation for postoperative ureteric strictures. Stenosis occurred at the pelviureteric junction in 5 cases and ureterovesical junction in 7 cases.

Prenatal urinoma related to ureteropelvic junction obstruction: poor prognosis of the affected kidney.

Objectives: We evaluated functional outcome of kidneys with fetal urinoma associated to ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 5 cases of antenatally diagnosed urinoma associated to hydronephrosis. Prenatal imaging work-up consisted of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) examination.

Balloon sphincteroplasty in the management of choledocholithiasis in a 10-week-old infant.

The management of common bile duct stones in neonates has not been clearly fully standardized, although percutaneous image-guided washing of the bile duct is generally adopted as the first-line treatment. We report the case of a 10-week-old infant with a choledocholithiasis in whom anterograde sphincter balloon dilation was achieved by combining image-guided access and flexible gastroduodenoscopy. This mini-invasive strategy may be an alternative to surgery in cases of impacted choledocholithiasis resistant to bile duct washing.

[Value of low uretero-ureterostomy in 5 cases of functional ectopic ureter on duplicated collecting system in children. Conservative management of ectopic ureter].

Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyse the postoperative results of conservative management of functional ectopic ureter on duplicated collecting system by low uretero-ureterostomy in children.

Materials And Method: The medical records of children with duplicated collecting system and a functional ectopic ureter admitted to our department between 2001 and 2005 were reviewed. A postnatal radiological assessment comprising urinary tract ultrasound, retrograde cystography, intravenous urography and DMSA renal scintigraphy was performed.

Atypical aphallia.

Aphallia is a rare genital anomaly poorly reported in literature. The authors describe an atypical case of aphallia characterized by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings of atrophic cavernous corpus associated with anterior urethral opening. Aphallia is a complex malformation, featuring various anomalies which should be assessed before electing a specific treatment.

Multicystic dysplastic kidney with ipsilateral abnormalities of genitourinary tract: experience in children.

Objectives: To investigate the incidence, nature, and management of associated ipsilateral genitourinary malformations in children with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK).

Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed the medical records and imaging studies of 93 patients with MCDK. Patients underwent ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography, intravenous urography, and radionuclide renal imaging studies during their first month of age.

[Preliminary results of endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteric reflux in children. Prospective comparative study of Deflux vs. Coaptite].

Introduction: The objective of this study is to compare the short-term and medium-term efficacy of Coaptite versus Deflux in the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteric reflux in children.

Materials And Methods: Over a period of 24 months, a cohort of 31 children with 44 refluxing vesicoureteric units were treated alternately by either Deflux implants (Group I, 24 refluxing units) or Coaptite implants (Group II, 20 refluxing units). This series comprised 40 solitary ureteric systems and 2 complete duplications.

[Neonatal uro-haematoma secondary to posterior urethral valve].

The authors report the case of a male neonate presenting with a heterogeneous cystic mass in the right renal area with no identifiable renal unit. The diagnosis of right perirenal extracapsular uro-haematoma secondary to posterior urethral valve was proposed on the basis of the antenatal clinical history. The late discovery at 39 weeks of amenorrhoea (pregnancy not followed) of a foetus with trabeculated bladder associated with left ureteropelvic dilatation, and a cystic mass occupying the right lumbar fossa was highly suggestive of right urinoma secondary an infravesical obstacle.

[An example of diphallia in children].

Diphallus is a rare malformation with an estimated frequency of one case per five million births. The authors report a case of incomplete diphallus associated with glanular hypospadias in a 2-month-old. There are various more or less severe anatomical and clinical forms of this urogenital abnormality.

Fetal bladder rupture due to anteriorurethral valves.

A rupture of the fetal bladder that resulted in urinary ascites has rarely been reported in published studies. We present the first case of a spontaneous rupture of the fetal bladder, due to an anterior urethral valve, in which the diagnosis was suspected prenatally by means of Doppler ultrasonography and was confirmed postnatally.

[Urinary tuberculosis in children. Report of a severe form with a followup of 19 years].

The authors report the case of a 13-year-old migrant girl with urinary tuberculosis, presenting with urinary tract infection, severe frequency and unexplained fever. Intravenous urography demonstrated a non-functioning left kidney and a small fibrotic bladder. Retrograde cystography revealed stage 4 right vesicoureteric reflux.

Major renal injuries in children: the real incidence of kidney loss.

Background: The prognosis of major renal injuries appears to have improved since a conservative approach has been promoted. The overall prognosis might be less optimistic if all cases are pooled, whatever the type of initial injury (parenchymal or vascular) or the type of treatment (operative or conservative).

Methods: The records of 32 children were reviewed.

[Urethral sagittal duplication in children. Report of 7 cases].

Unlabelled: Urethral duplication is a rare disease with various clinical expressions and treatments. The authors report 7 cases.

Material And Methods: The authors retrospectively review 7 children with sagittal duplication of the urethra seen between 1995 and 2000.