Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia. Pregnancy increases the risk of OSA; however, the relationship between OSA and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unclear. We aimed (1) to evaluate OSA prevalence in GDM patients; (2) to assess the association between OSA and GDM; and (3) to determine the relationships between sleep parameters with insulin resistance (IR).

Surfactant protein D concentration in a pediatric population with suspected sleep disorder.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects between 2% and 4% in children and there is a search for new biomarkers that can be useful both in the diagnosis and in the evolution of the disease. The surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collection that is part of the innate immune system exerting an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration of SP-D in the suspect OSA pediatric population.

Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia. Pregnancy increases the risk of OSA; however, the relationship between OSA and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unclear. We aimed (1) to evaluate OSA prevalence in GDM patients; (2) to assess the association between OSA and GDM; and (3) to determine the relationships between sleep parameters with insulin resistance (IR).

Vitamin D as a biomarker of health in snoring children: a familial aggregation study.

Background: Hypovitaminosis D is a common health problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and paternal and maternal vitamin D status in a sample of snoring children.

Methods: We selected 137 participants for whom serum 25(OH)D had been measured and underwent overnight polysomnography evaluation.

Polysomnographic Characteristics of Snoring Children: A Familial Study of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Background And Objectives: Available evidence suggests a familial basis for OSA. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential influences of parental OSA in predicting the diagnosis and severity of OSA in snoring children.

Methods: Observational study, we prospectively enrolled 84 children and their parents.

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with worse clinical-radiological risk scores of pulmonary embolism.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism, although its association with pulmonary embolism severity is unknown. Our objective was to study if obstructive sleep apnea is associated with worse pulmonary embolism severity scores and greater extent of arterial obstruction. In consecutive pulmonary embolism patients, we performed respiratory polygraphy and recorded sleep characteristics, classical risk factors for pulmonary embolism and physical activity 6-12 months after the pulmonary embolism episode.

Biomarker panel in sleep apnea patients after an acute coronary event.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of death and closely related with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Our hypothesis is that several cardiovascular-related biomarkers could have a differential prognostic value for ACS severity in patients with OSA, and could also help (individually or combined) in the detection of OSA in patients after a coronary event.

Methods: Up to 361 consecutive individuals admitted due to ACS were included in the study.

Prothrombotic state in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Objective: Increased blood coagulation might be one important mechanism linking obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with cardiovascular diseases. We tested the association between several hemostatic parameters and sleep breathing-related variables in a representative pediatric population with a clinical suspicion of OSA.

Methods: Polysomnography was performed in 152 snoring children to diagnose OSA.

Circulating branched-chain amino acids in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Introduction: The effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the metabolic system are not well understood, especially in children. Recent studies have provided evidence of the modulation of insulin action by branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and suggested novel mechanistic relationships between glucose and amino acid metabolic pathways. We hypothesized that plasma BCAA levels may serve as biomarkers of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in children with OSA.

Cell Death Biomarkers and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Implications in the Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Study Objectives: Nucleosomes and cell-free double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) have been suggested as promising biomarkers in cell death-related diseases, such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Currently, the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with ACS is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between OSA, dsDNA, and nucleosomes and to assess their potential implication in the development of ACS.

Gut epithelial barrier markers in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is now being recognized as an additional contributing factor to the pathogenesis of obesity-related comorbidities. At the same time, there is now increasing evidence to suggest that intestinal wall permeability plays a role in the development of metabolic syndrome. In the present study, circulating zonulin and fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) were measured in association with metabolic, hepatic, and inflammatory parameters.

OSA Is a Risk Factor for Recurrent VTE.

Background: OSA is a risk factor for a first episode of pulmonary embolism (PE), although its impact on the risk of thromboembolism recurring is uncertain. Our objective was to explore the prognostic value of OSA after the discontinuation of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in patients with a first episode of PE.

Methods: In 120 consecutive patients who had stopped OAC for a first episode of PE, we performed home respiratory polygraphy and recorded sleep characteristics, classic risk factors for PE, blood pressure measurements, spirometric parameters, physical activity, and levels of D-dimer and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2).

Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on the Levels of Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) and Their Value for Predicting Short-Term Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background: Placental growth factor (PlGF) induces angiogenesis and promotes tissue repair, and plasma PlGF levels change markedly during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Currently, the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with AMI is a subject of debate. Our objective was to evaluate the relationships between PlGF levels and both the severity of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and short-term outcomes after ACS in patients with and without OSA.

High D-dimer levels after stopping anticoagulants in pulmonary embolism with sleep apnoea.

Obstructive sleep apnoea is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism. Elevated D-dimer levels and other biomarkers are associated with recurrent pulmonary embolism. The objectives were to compare the frequency of elevated D-dimer levels (>500 ng·mL(-1)) and further coagulation biomarkers after oral anticoagulation withdrawal in pulmonary embolism patients, with and without obstructive sleep apnoea, including two control groups without pulmonary embolism.

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy imaging of endobronchial hamartomas.

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is a new technique that can microscopically image the airways in vivo during ordinary flexible bronchoscope procedures. pCLE can visualize the basement membrane of the bronchial epithelium, allowing the study of the different changes in benign or malignant/premalignant bronchial lesions. We present 2 cases of pathology-proven endobronchial hamartoma diagnosed by biopsy which show characteristic images under pCLE examination.

Effectiveness of home single-channel nasal pressure for sleep apnea diagnosis.

Introduction: Home single-channel nasal pressure (HNP) may be an alternative to polysomnography (PSG) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis, but no cost studies have yet been carried out. Automatic scoring is simpler but generally less effective than manual scoring.

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic efficacy and cost of both scorings (automatic and manual) compared with PSG, taking as a polysomnographic OSA diagnosis several apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) cutoff points.

Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on the 24-h metabolic hormone profile.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with metabolic disorders. Sleep-disordered breathing could generate an altered rhythm in the expression of metabolic hormones, which could predispose to metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sleep apnea on diurnal variations in metabolic hormones.

Effect of CPAP treatment on plasma high sensitivity troponin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. New generations of highly sensitive assays for cardiac troponin (hs-cTnT) have been introduced recently, and a number of clinical observations have challenged the notion that troponins are only increased in blood following irreversible necrosis.

Objective: The aims of this study were to compare the levels of hs-cTnT between a group of healthy controls and a group of patients with OSA without co-existent coronary artery disease, and to assess the possible influence of the treatment with Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on these levels.

Relationship between aldosterone and the metabolic syndrome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) occurs frequently in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). We hypothesized that aldosterone levels are elevated in OSAHS and associated with the presence of MS.

Methods: We studied 66 patients with OSAHS (33 with MS and 33 without MS) and 35 controls.

Association between obstructive sleep apnea and pulmonary embolism.

Objectives: To compare the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) with a sex-, age-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched, population-based control group and to assess the association between OSA and PE.

Methods: We performed a case-control study from October 1, 2006, through November 30, 2009. We included 107 patients with PE and a control group (n=102) without PE in University Hospitals Son Espases and La Paz in Spain.

Vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency and high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) appear to be emerging risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MS), diabetes and cardiovascular disease, conditions that occur frequently in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

Objectives: This study examined whether serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and PTH were associated with the presence of MS, diabetes and hypertension among an OSAS population.

Methods: A total of 826 patients (635 men and 191 women) with newly diagnosed OSAS were studied.

The influence of obesity and obstructive sleep apnea on metabolic hormones.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and repetitive upper airway obstruction episodes during sleep. Clinically, obesity is a major risk factor for developing OSAS. However, OSAS has been associated with hormonal and metabolic alterations that could predispose patients to obesity.