Role of Oxidative Stress on Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice.

Insulin resistance is the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The molecular mechanism by which obese individuals develop insulin resistance has not yet been fully elucidated; however, inconclusive and contradictory studies have shown that oxidative stress may be involved in the process. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of reactive species on the mechanism of insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice.

Time in range following flash glucose monitoring: Relationship with glycaemic control, diabetes-related distress and resource utilisation in the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists national audit.

Aims: The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between time in range (TIR) achieved using the isCGM with changes in glycaemic control, diabetes-related distress (DRD) and resource utilisation in people living with diabetes.

Methods: Clinicians from 106 National Health System (NHS) UK hospitals submitted isCGM user baseline and follow-up data in a web-based tool held within the UK NHS network. Linear regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between follow-up glucose TIR (3.

Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression Are Independently Associated With Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) is independently associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in type 1 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study in 950 adults with type 1 diabetes, associations were examined using multiple regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Results: Prevalence for probable anxiety, depression, and IAH were 9.

A Comparison of Validated Methods Used to Assess Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycaemia in Type 1 Diabetes: An Observational Study.

Introduction: Clarke, Gold and Pedersen are validated methods to assess awareness of hypoglycaemia. Identifying impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) is critical for supporting people with structured education and diabetes technologies, to reduce harm of hypoglycaemia. This study compares the Clarke score, Gold score and Pedersen methods and their correlations with features of hypoglycaemia unawareness and patient characteristics, to evaluate the accuracy of the methods in identifying IAH.

Reduction of oxidative stress improves insulin signaling in cardiac tissue of obese mice.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of oxidative stress on insulin signaling in cardiac tissue of obese mice.

Methods: Thirty Swiss mice were equally divided (n=10) into three groups: Control Group, Obese Group, and Obese Group Treated with N-acetylcysteine. After obesity and insulin resistance were established, the obese mice were treated with N-acetylcysteine at a dose of 50mg/kg daily for 15 days via oral gavage.

Fish oil reduces subclinical inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherogenic factors in overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A pre-post pilot study.

Objective: Insulin resistance-associated obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are commonly accompanied with metabolic lipid abnormalities and are characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-c levels (atherogenic index plasma, AIP). The primary molecular mechanism that is known to cause insulin resistance is chronic low-grade inflammation. Considering that omega-3 fatty acid reduces subclinical inflammation, we hypothesized that fish oil could affect insulin resistance and AIP.

Muscular resistance, hypertrophy and strength training equally reduce adiposity, inflammation and insulin resistance in mice with diet-induced obesity.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of three types of muscular resistance training on adiposity, inflammation levels and insulin activity in Swiss mice with fat-rich diet-induced obesity.

Methods: Lean and obese male Swiss mice were selected and allocated to one of eight groups comprising eight mice each, as follows: standard diet + no training; standard diet + muscular resistance training; standard diet + hypertrophy training; standard diet + strength training; high-fat diet + no training; high-fat diet + muscular resistance training; high-fat diet + hypertrophy training; high-fat diet + strength training. The training protocol consisted of stair climbing for a 10-week period.

Responses of skeletal muscle hypertrophy in Wistar rats to different resistance exercise models.

This study aimed to compare the effects of three different resistance exercise models on the quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area, as well as on mTOR phosphorylation and other pivotal molecules involved in the upstream regulation of mTOR. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into untrained (control), endurance resistance training, strength resistance training, and hypertrophy resistance training (HRT) groups (n=6). After 12 weeks of training, the red portion of the quadriceps was removed for histological and Western blot analyses.

Effect of Low-Power Laser (LPL) and Light-Emitting Diode (LED) on Inflammatory Response in Burn Wound Healing.

The aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical and molecular changes in the process of epidermal healing of burn injuries after therapeutic treatment with low-power laser (LPL) and light-emitting diode (LED). Rats were divided into six groups: skin without injury (Sham), burn wounds (BWs), BW + 660-nm LPL, BW + 904-nm LPL, BW + 632-nm LED, and BW + 850-nm LED. The burn wound model was performed using a 100 °C copper plate, with 10 s of contact in the skin.

Treadmill training increases SIRT-1 and PGC-1 α protein levels and AMPK phosphorylation in quadriceps of middle-aged rats in an intensity-dependent manner.

The present study investigated the effects of running at 0.8 or 1.2 km/h on inflammatory proteins (i.

Effects of physical exercise on the P38MAPK/REDD1/14-3-3 pathways in the myocardium of diet-induced obesity rats.

Obesity is associated with myocardial insulin resistance and impairment of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. The activation of the mTOR cascade by exercise has been largely shown in skeletal muscle, but insufficiently analyzed in myocardial tissue. In addition, little is known regarding the mTOR upstream molecules in the hearts of obese animals and even less about the role of exercise in this process.

[Comparative value of B-type natriuretic peptide and serum albumin concentration in the prediction of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients admitted for acute severe heart failure].

Objective: To address the clinical relevance of serum albumin and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration in the prediction of in-hospital death in elderly patients with acute severe heart failure.

Patients And Methods: Seventy-four consecutive patients >70 years of age admitted for acute heart failure in NYHA class IV were prospectively included. BNP concentration was measured on admission and serum albumin concentration after clinical stabilization.

Angiographic coronary artery disease associated with hypertensive heart failure and normal ejection fraction. Insights from a prospective monocenter study.

The prevalence of underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) was examined in 23 consecutive hypertensive patients presenting with acute onset of heart failure and normal ejection fraction (HFnlEF) without clinical, electrocardiographic and biochemical evidence of myocardial ischemia. By coronary angiography, 2 patients had 1-vessel disease, 5 patients had 2-vessels disease and 1 patient had 3-vessels disease. 26% of patients was classified as having ischemic heart disease.

Tissue Doppler echocardiography for the diagnosis of new-onset heart failure with normal ejection fraction: influence of serum protein concentration on clinical interpretation in elderly patients.

Introduction: According to Starling's law, low serum colloid osmotic pressure related to hypoproteinaemia is likely to modulate the pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure threshold of pulmonary oedema formation. We therefore examined the clinical relevance of bedside tissue Doppler echocardiography in the emergency diagnosis of new-onset heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFnlEF) according to serum protein concentration.

Methods: A total of 105 consecutive elderly patients presenting with acute severe dyspnoea were prospectively enrolled.

Usefulness of serum albumin concentration for in-hospital risk stratification in frail, elderly patients with acute heart failure. Insights from a prospective, monocenter study.

The present study examined the usefulness of serum albumin concentration measured immediately after clinical stabilization for in-hospital risk stratification in 64 consecutive elderly, institutionalized patients with definite evidence of acute heart failure, of whom 17 died during their in-hospital stay. Serum albumin concentration was a powerful predictor of in-hospital death in this clinical setting (hazard ratio of 0.80 [0.

Comparison of B-type natriuretic peptide with left atrial enlargement by echocardiography for the diagnosis of new-onset congestive heart failure with a preserved left ventricular systolic function in the setting of longstanding hypertension.

The present study attempted to determine the accuracy of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) compared with left atrial enlargement at echocardiography in the emergency diagnosis of new-onset heart failure with preserved systolic function (HFPSF) related to longstanding hypertension. The study comprised 57 patients in sinus rhythm hospitalized for acute dyspnea, 30 with hypertensive HFPSF and 27 with noncardiac cause. By stepwise logistic regression analysis, BNP provided independent and incremental diagnostic information over the score of Boston criteria.

[Usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) for the diagnosis of new-onset heart failure with a preserved left ventricular systolic function in longstanding hypertensive patients with acute dyspnea].

Background: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been largely validated in the etiologic diagnosis of acute dyspnea. Nevertheless, its reliability in the setting of a preserved left ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction >50%) has not been adequately established.

Objective: the study addressed the usefulness of BNP in the diagnosis of new-onset heart failure with a preserved systolic function in hypertensive patients hospitalized for acute dyspnea.

Usefulness of bedside tissue Doppler echocardiography and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in differentiating congestive heart failure from noncardiac cause of acute dyspnea in elderly patients with a normal left ventricular ejection fraction and permanent, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: insights from a prospective, monocenter study.

Background: The incremental role of bedside tissue Doppler echocardiography and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) over the clinical judgment has been recently reported in the emergency diagnosis of congestive heart failure with a normal left ventricular ejection fraction (HFNEF). However, how well does this diagnostic strategy be applicable in the setting of atrial fibrillation is unknown.

Objective: To investigate the usefulness of bedside tissue Doppler echocardiography and BNP in the emergency diagnosis of HFNEF in elderly patients with permanent, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Accuracy of the isovolumic relaxation time in the emergency diagnosis of new-onset congestive heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function in the setting of B-type natriuretic peptide levels in the mid-range.

Despite the fact that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a useful diagnostic complement to clinical and radiographic data in the emergency diagnosis of acute congestive heart failure, levels of BNP in the mid-range (100-500 pg/ml) are acknowledged to be inconclusive for the diagnosis. We assessed the diagnostic value of the pulsed Doppler-derived isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) by bedside Doppler echocardiography in the emergency diagnosis of new-onset congestive heart failure with preserved systolic function in 43 patients presenting with acute severe dyspnea and inconclusive BNP levels. A short IVRT <50 ms was a good predictor of acute congestive heart failure in this clinical setting, with a positive predictive value of 94%.

Accuracy of bedside tissue Doppler echocardiography for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with acute heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function. comparison with B-type natriuretic peptide measurement.

According to recent studies, tissue Doppler echocardiography used as a non-invasive surrogate for left ventricular diastolic pressures regardless of rhythm is likely to offer additional information beyond the clinical judgment and the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) assay in the emergency diagnosis of acute heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function (HFPSF). The present study attempted to determine the usefulness of bedside tissue Doppler echocardiography as compared with BNP, both obtained at presentation before unloading therapy, for the prediction of in-hospital outcome in 75 consecutive elderly patients with acute HFPSF, of whom 16 died during their in-hospital stay. Unlike BNP (p=0.

Accuracy of tissue Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of new-onset congestive heart failure in patients with levels of B-type natriuretic peptide in the midrange and normal left ventricular ejection fraction.

Background: Based on the hypothesis that it reflects left ventricular (LV) diastolic pressures, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is largely utilized as first-line diagnostic complement in the emergency diagnosis of congestive heart failure (HF). The incremental diagnostic value of tissue Doppler echocardiography, a reliable noninvasive estimate of LV filling pressures, has been reported in patients with preserved LV ejection fraction and discrepancy between BNP levels and the clinical judgment, however, its clinical validity in such patients in the presence of BNP concentrations in the midrange, which may reflect intermediate, nondiagnostic levels of LV filling pressures, is unknown.

Methods: 34 patients without history of HF, presenting with acute dyspnea at rest, BNP levels of 100-400 pg/ml and normal LV ejection fraction were prospectively enrolled (17 with congestive HF and 17 with noncardiac cause).

[Prognostic value of BNP for hospital mortality in elderly subjects hospitalised for acute diastolic cardiac failure].

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of BNP in elderly patients hospitalised for acute diastolic cardiac failure. 108 consecutive subjects were included, aged at least 70 years old, hospitalised for isolated acute diastolic cardiac failure. All of them had a left ventricular ejection fraction > or = 50% and evidence of diastolic dysfunction on echocardiography performed shortly after admission.