Self-Calibrated Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Elemental Analysis of Suspended Volcanic Ash.

Real-time analysis of fine ash in volcanic plumes, which represent magma fragments expelled from the crater during explosive eruptions, is a valuable tool for volcano monitoring and hazard assessment. To obtain the chemical characterization of the juvenile pyroclastic material emitted in volcanic plumes, many analytical techniques can be used. Among them, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is the one that can most easily be adapted to advanced applications in extreme environments.

Probabilistic hydro-geomorphological hazard assessment based on UAV-derived high-resolution topographic data: The case of Basento river (Southern Italy).

The combined use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry allows the collection and processing of high-resolution data on demand, which is key for the constant and detailed monitoring of the fluvial environment. In addition, through the ever-increasing development of new techniques of mapping and data processing (i.e.

Inverting sediment bedforms for evaluating the hazard of dilute pyroclastic density currents in the field.

Pyroclastic density currents are ground hugging gas-particle flows associated to explosive volcanic eruptions and moving down a volcano's slope, causing devastation and deaths. Because of the hostile nature they cannot be analyzed directly and most of their fluid dynamic behavior is reconstructed by the deposits left in the geological record, which frequently show peculiar structures such as ripples and dune bedforms. Here, a set of equations is simplified to link flow behavior to particle motion and deposition.

The impact of pyroclastic density currents duration on humans: the case of the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius.

Pyroclastic density currents are ground hugging gas-particle flows that originate from the collapse of an eruption column or lava dome. They move away from the volcano at high speed, causing devastation. The impact is generally associated with flow dynamic pressure and temperature.