Acute Gastroenteritis in Children Below 5 Years of Age at Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India Post Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccine into National Immunization Programme.

Objective: To identify the burden of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and the genotypes presenting in the authors' area in the period after introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Universal Immunization Programme (UIP).

Methods: Children aged less than 5 y and presenting to hospital for the treatment of AGE were enrolled into the study from January 2016 to June 2019. Clinical details including age, gender, extent of illness, number of stools, concomitant vomiting and fever, grade of dehydration, and associated illness were recorded.

Emerging Functions of Human IFIT Proteins in Cancer.

Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) genes are prominent interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). The human IFIT gene family consists of four genes named , and . The expression of IFIT genes is very low in most cell types, whereas their expression is greatly enhanced by interferon treatment, viral infection, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

Publisher Correction: Synthesis of Saccharumoside-B analogue with potential of antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

IFIT1 and IFIT3 promote oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis and contribute to the anti-tumor effect of gefitinib via enhancing p-EGFR recycling.

IFIT1 and IFIT3 are abundant products of interferon-stimulating genes. While the importance of IFIT1 and IFIT3 in the prognosis of cancer has been reported, the molecular basis of IFIT1 and IFIT3 in cancer progression remains unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the modes of action and the clinical significance of IFIT1 and IFIT3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Breakpoint mapping of a novel de novo translocation t(X;20)(q11.1;p13) by positional cloning and long read sequencing.

Disease associated chromosomal rearrangements often have break points located within disease causing genes or in their vicinity. The purpose of this study is to characterize a balanced reciprocal translocation in a girl with intellectual disability and seizures by positional cloning and whole genome sequencing. The translocation was identification by G- banding and confirmed by WCP FISH.

Novel histone deacetylase 8-selective inhibitor 1,3,4-oxadiazole-alanine hybrid induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells.

Identification of isoform-specific histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) is a significant advantage to overcome the adverse side effects of pan-HDACi for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. We have designed, and synthesized novel 1,3,4 oxadiazole with glycine/alanine hybrids as HDAC8-specific inhibitors and preliminary evaluation has indicated that 1,3,4 oxadiazole with alanine hybrid [(R)-2-amino-N-((5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)propanamide (10b)] to be a potent HDAC8 inhibitor. In the present study, the in vitro efficacy of the molecule in inhibiting the cancer cell proliferation and the underlying molecular mechanism was studied.

Synthesis of Saccharumoside-B analogue with potential of antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities.

A new series of phenolic glycoside esters, saccharumoside-B and its analogs (9b-9n, 10) have been synthesized by the Koenigs-Knorr reaction. Antiproliferative activities of the compounds (9b-9n, 10) were evaluated on various cancer cell lines including, MCF-7 breast, HL-60 leukemia, MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic, DU145 prostate, HeLa cervical and CaCo-2 colon, as well as normal human MCF10A mammary epithelial and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by MTT assay. Compounds (9b-9n, 10) exhibited considerable antiproliferative effects against cancer cells with IC range of 4.

P-glycoprotein attenuates DNA repair activity in multidrug-resistant cells by acting through the Cbp-Csk-Src cascade.

Recent studies have demonstrated that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression impairs DNA interstrand cross-linking agent-induced DNA repair efficiency in multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells. To date, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying how P-gp interferes with Src activation and subsequent DNA repair activity remain unclear. In this study, we determined that the C-terminal Src kinase-binding protein (Cbp) signaling pathway involved in the negative control of Src activation is enhanced in MDR cells.

Design and synthesis of novel HDAC8 inhibitory 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles containing glycine and alanine hybrids with anti cancer activity.

Oxadiazole is a heterocyclic compound containing an oxygen atom and two nitrogen atoms in a five-membered ring. Of the four oxadiazoles known, 1,3,4-oxadiazole has become an important structural motif for the development of new drugs and the compounds containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole cores have a broad spectrum of biological activity. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles (10a-10j) as class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors.

Molecular biomarkers in clinical development: what could we learn from the clinical trial registry?

Aim: Objective of this research is to assess whether the trend of stratified medicine widely discussed in scientific literature is translated into real clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov .

Methods: By semi-automatic screening of over 150,000 trials, we filtered trials with stratified biomarker to analyze their therapeutic focus, major drivers and elucidated the impact of stratified biomarker programs on trial duration and completion.

Partial proximal trisomy 14: identification and molecular characterization in a girl with global developmental delay.

Chromosomal rearrangements associated with a disease play a significant role in the phenotypic manifestation. Here we report a 9-month-old girl with de novo partial proximal trisomy 14 with seizures and global developmental delay. Cytogenetic investigations revealed a karyotype of 47,XX+marker.

Chromosomal abnormalities in amenorrhea: a retrospective study and review of 637 patients in South India.

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the chromosomal abnormalities and to identify the most prevalent or frequent type of chromosomal abnormalities in cases of amenorrhea from the southern region of India.

Methods: A total of 637 cases with amenorrhea were analyzed using G- banding, C-banding, Silver staining, and fluorescence in situ hybridization was done wherever necessary.

Results: Out of the 637 cases involved in our study, 132 abnormalities were detected.

Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of two patients with recurrent miscarriages and X-autosome translocation.

Aim: To report two patients with recurrent miscarriages and unique reciprocal X-autosomal translocation.

Materials And Methods: Cytogenetic analysis was performed using G-banding and Molecular cytogenetic analysis by Fluorescence in situ hybridization to confirm the breakpoint regions.

Results: The chromosomal analysis of the two cases revealed a karyotype of 46,X,t(X;22)(p11.

Identification and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a novel complex Y chromosome rearrangement in a boy with disorder of sexual development.

Ambiguous genitalia or disorder of the sexual development is a birth defect where the external genitals do not have the typical appearance of either a male or female. Here we report a boy with ambiguous genitalia and short stature. The cytogenetic analysis by G-banding revealed a small Y chromosome and an additional material on the 15p arm.

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a non-robertsonian dicentric chromosome 14;19 identified in a girl with short stature and amenorrhea.

We report a 16-year-old girl who presented with short stature and amenorrhea. Initially the cytogenetic analysis showed the presence of a mosaic non-Robertsonian dicentric chromosome involving chromosomes 14 and 19. Subsequent molecular cytogenetic analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using whole chromosome paints, centromeric probes, as well as gene specific probes confirmed the dicentric nature of the derivative chromosome and indicated that the rearrangement involved the short arms of both of these chromosomes.

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of partial trisomy 2q resulting from insertion-duplication in chromosome 18q: a case report and review of literature.

Trisomy 2q is a well-documented chromosomal anomaly with considerable variation in the phenotype depending upon the breakpoints and the co-existing chromosomal aberrations. The case of a dysmorphic male infant found to have trisomy of the 2q31.1-q37.

Mosaic down syndrome with a marker: molecular cytogenetic characterization of the marker chromosome.

Down syndrome is a complex disorder characterized by well defined and distinctive phenotypic features. Approximately 2-3% of all live-born Down individuals are mosaics. Here we report a boy with suspected Down syndrome showing mosaicism for two different cell lines where one cell line is unexpected.

Cytogenetic abnormalities in 1162 couples with recurrent miscarriages in southern region of India: report and review.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the contribution of chromosomal anomalies and the frequency of a particular type of aberration in couples with recurrent miscarriages.

Methods: A total of 1,162 couples with recurrent miscarriages were analyzed using G-banding and Fluorescence in situ hybridization where ever necessary.

Results: Chromosomal anomalies were detected in 78 cases.