'Everything is Obstetric Violence Now': Identifying the Violence in 'Obstetric Violence' to Strengthen Socio-legal Reform Efforts.

Since its global uptake, 'obstetric violence' is increasingly used to capture any/all violations during reproductive healthcare, with few conceptual limits. Consequently, it runs the risk of becoming an overgeneralised concept, making it difficult to operationalise in socio-legal reform efforts. This article draws on the Latin American origins of the concept and aims to provide a theoretical framework to support a focused and coherent socio-legal reform agenda.

Unilateral Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney Management: A National Survey.

Risks of contralateral kidney abnormalities and chronic kidney disease necessitate follow-up for unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK). A nationwide survey of senior UK pediatricians was conducted. Of the 60 responses obtained, 62% routinely perform a dimercaptosuccinic acid scan to confirm diagnosis.

Long term outcomes following kidney transplantation in children who weighed less than 15 kg - report from the UK Transplant Registry.

Background: Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5. It is often delayed in younger children until a target weight is achieved due to technical feasibility and historic concerns about poorer outcomes.

Methods: Data on all first paediatric (aged < 18 years) kidney only transplants performed in the United Kingdom between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2016 were extracted from the UK Transplant Registry (n = 1,340).

Low yield from imaging after non urine tract infections in children treated in primary care and emergency department.

Background: Imaging is recommended for selected children following urinary tract infections (UTIs) to look for actionable structural abnormalities. Non is considered high risk in many national guidelines, but evidence is mainly drawn from small cohorts from tertiary centres.

Objective: To ascertain imaging yield from infants and children <12 years diagnosed with their first confirmed UTI (pure single growth >100 000 cfu per ml) in primary care or an emergency department without admission stratified by bacteria type.

Adsorption of sulfur on Lanxess Lewatit® AF 5 resin during the acidic albion leaching process for chalcopyrite.

Elemental sulfur is one of the major byproducts of the acidic Albion leaching process for chalcopyrite. It is a challenging component in the leach solution as it impedes gold recovery from the residue. Lanxess Lewatit® AF 5 (AF 5) is a microporous carbon-based resin, which is being investigated for the removal of elemental sulfur during this leaching process.

Wheat photosystem II heat tolerance: evidence for genotype-by-environment interactions.

High temperature stress inhibits photosynthesis and threatens wheat production. One measure of photosynthetic heat tolerance is T - the critical temperature at which incipient damage to photosystem II (PSII) occurs. This trait could be improved in wheat by exploiting genetic variation and genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI).

Potential and current practices of recycling waste printed circuit boards: A review of the recent progress in pyrometallurgy.

Over the last few decades, a substantial amount of e-waste including waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) has been produced and is accumulating worldwide. More recently, the rate of production has increased significantly, and this trend has raised some serious concerns regarding the need to develop viable recycling methods. The presence of other materials in the WPCBs, such as ceramics and polymers, and the multi-metal nature of WPCBs all contribute to the increased complexity of any recycling process.

Biallelic variants in TTC21B as a rare cause of early-onset arterial hypertension and tubuloglomerular kidney disease.

Monogenic disorders of the kidney typically affect either the glomerular or tubulointerstitial compartment producing a distinct set of clinical phenotypes. Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), for instance, is characterized by glomerular scarring with proteinuria and hypertension while nephronophthisis (NPHP) is associated with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, salt wasting, and low- to normal blood pressure. For both diseases, an expanding number of non-overlapping genes with roles in glomerular filtration or primary cilium homeostasis, respectively, have been identified.

Thermal treatment of Lanxess Lewatit® AF 5 resin used in the atmospheric chalcopyrite leaching process: Regeneration and sulfur recovery.

Elemental sulfur is a key component in the acidic Albion chalcopyrite atmospheric leaching process and is a challenging issue in the residue. It has been proposed to use Lanxess Lewatit® AF 5 (AF 5) catalyst during the leaching of copper concentrates in the acidic Albion leach process, to eliminate the elemental sulfur from the leach residue. When using AF 5 during leaching, the copper and the iron recoveries were above 95% and 80%, respectively.

Bilateral native nephrectomies for severe hypertension in children with stage 5 chronic kidney disease leads to improved BP control following transplantation.

Background: Hypertension is a common problem in stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD 5) and following kidney transplantation (KT). There is limited data on the outcome of children with CKD 5 who undergo bilateral native nephrectomies (BNN) for the management of hypertension.

Method: Retrospective review of 134 children who underwent KT at a single centre over a 10-year period and had a minimum follow up period of 1 year.

Managing the remains of fetuses and abandoned infants: A call to urgently review South African law and medicolegal practice.

This article reviews South African (SA) law and its impact on the medicolegal management of fetal remains emanating from elective and therapeutic termination of pregnancies, stillbirths and miscarriages and the remains of abandoned or exposed infants. It was found that remains are treated differently, some constituting medical waste while others have sufficient status in law to allow for burial. This approach results in some women or couples being denied a choice with regard to disposal via culturally relevant practices, and is insensitive to the fact that all remains ultimately constitute human remains.

Evaluating current knowledge of legislation and practice of obstetricians and gynaecologists in the management of fetal remains in South Africa.

Background: In the clinical setting, the main legislative provisions governing the management and 'disposal' of fetal remains in South Africa are the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 92 of 1996 and the Births and Deaths Registration Act 51 of 1992.

Objectives: To determine obstetricians' and gynaecologists' current knowledge of this legislation. Current practice with regard to certification of death and methods of disposal of fetal material was also reviewed.

The medico-legal investigation of abandoned fetuses and newborns--a review of cases admitted to the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory, South Africa.

There is a dearth of literature on the extent of fetal or newborn abandonment or "dumping" and the medico-legal investigation procedures these cases require. This is despite the fact that these occurrences are a worldwide phenomenon and by definition involve criminal law concerns such as illegal abortion, concealment of birth, murder, or neonaticide, depending on the country concerned. This article contributes to current literature in both respects and provides a retrospective case audit for the period 2004-2008 pertaining to all abandoned newborns and fetuses admitted to the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory (PMLL) in South Africa.

Thermodynamic modelling of the formation of zinc-manganese ferrite spinel in electric arc furnace dust.

Electric arc furnace dust is generated when automobile scrap, containing galvanized steel, is remelted in an electric arc furnace. This dust is considered as a hazardous waste in most countries. Zinc is a major component of the dust and can be of significant commercial value.

Thermodynamic analysis of the selective chlorination of electric arc furnace dust.

The remelting of automobile scrap in an electric arc furnace (EAF) results in the production of a dust, which contains high concentrations of the oxides of zinc, iron, calcium and other metals. Typically, the lead and zinc are of commercial value, while the other metals are not worth recovering. At the present time, EAF dusts are treated in high temperature Waelz rotary kiln-type processes, where the lead and zinc oxides are selectively reduced and simultaneously reoxidized and a crude zinc oxide is produced.

Electroanalytical applications of boron-doped diamond microelectrode arrays.

The electrochemical characteristics of a novel all diamond fabricated boron-doped diamond microelectrode array (BDD-MEA) are critically appraised. The voltammetric response of simple electron transfer processes has been investigated and found to generate sigmoidal voltammetric curves. Furthermore, the device has been utilized for various analytical applications including, the direct detection of 4-nitrophenol over the concentration range 1.

Thermodynamic analysis of the selective carbothermic reduction of electric arc furnace dust.

Electric arc furnace (EAF) dust, which is produced as a result of the melting of automobile scrap in an electric arc furnace, contains considerable amounts of zinc and lead, which are of significant economic value. Typically, the other major components are iron oxide and calcium oxide with minor amounts of other metal oxides. In this research, a detailed thermodynamic study of the pyrometallurgical processing of the dust, using carbon as a reducing agent was performed.