Lung function-associated exposome profile in the era of climate change: Pooled analysis of 8 population-based European cohorts within the EXPANSE project.

Background: The independent and interrelated long-term effects of the exposome such as air pollution, greenness, and ambient temperature on lung function are not well understood, yet relevant in the light of climate change.

Methods: Pre-bronchodilation FEV1 from five mature birth cohorts (N = 4724) and three adult cohorts (N = 6052) from five European countries were used to assess cross-sectional associations with air pollution, greenness, and ambient temperature, assigned to their residential address. All two-way interactions and square terms were a priori included in building the final elastic net regression model.

Psychological detachment from work predicts mental wellbeing of working-age adults: Findings from the 'Wellbeing of the Workforce' (WoW) prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: There is an urgent need to better understand the factors that predict mental wellbeing in vocationally active adults during globally turbulent times.

Aim: To explore the relationship between psychological detachment from work (postulated as a key recovery activity from work) in the first national COVID-19 lockdown with health, wellbeing, and life satisfaction of working age-adults one year later, within the context of a global pandemic.

Methods: Wellbeing of the Workforce (WoW) was a prospective longitudinal cohort study, with two waves of data collection (Time 1, April-June 2020: T1 n = 337; Time 2, March-April 2021: T2 = 169) corresponding with the first and third national COVID-19 lockdowns in the UK.

The third generation AKR1C3-activated prodrug, ACHM-025, eradicates disease in preclinical models of aggressive T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy that expresses high levels of the enzyme aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3). To exploit this finding, we developed a novel prodrug, ACHM-025, which is selectively activated by AKR1C3 to a nitrogen mustard DNA alkylating agent. We show that ACHM-025 has potent in vivo efficacy against T-ALL patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and eradicated the disease in 7 PDXs.

Mapping the lipidomic secretome of the early equine embryo.

The lipidomic secretions of embryos provide a unique opportunity to examine the cellular processes of the early conceptus. In this study we profiled lipids released by the early equine conceptus, using high-resolution mass spectrometry to detect individual lipid species. This study examined the lipidomic profile in embryo-conditioned media from -produced, 8-9 day-old equine embryos ( = 3) cultured for 36 h, analyzed over 3 timepoints.

Socioeconomic Inequalities in the External Exposome in European Cohorts: The EXPANSE Project.

Socioeconomic inequalities in the exposome have been found to be complex and highly context-specific, but studies have not been conducted in large population-wide cohorts from multiple countries. This study aims to examine the external exposome, encompassing individual and environmental factors influencing health over the life course, and to perform dimension reduction to derive interpretable characterization of the external exposome for multicountry epidemiological studies. Analyzing data from over 25 million individuals across seven European countries including 12 administrative and traditional cohorts, we utilized domain-specific principal component analysis (PCA) to define the external exposome, focusing on air pollution, the built environment, and air temperature.

Biotransformation of 6:2/4:2 fluorotelomer alcohols by Dietzia aurantiaca J3: Enzymes and proteomics.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are recalcitrant synthetic organohalides known to negatively impact human health. Short-chain fluorotelomer alcohols are considered the precursor of various perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) in the environment. Their ongoing production and widespread detection motivate investigations of their biological transformation.

Investigations into the role of platelet-activating factor in the peri-conception period of the mare.

In Brief: In many mammals, the lipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) has important functions in female reproduction and fertility. This study shows that PAF is present in the reproductive tissues of mares and is involved in processes related to ovulation and early pregnancy.

Abstract: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been implicated in a number of reproductive processes ranging from ovulation to embryo motility but has not been widely explored in the mare.

Prediction of motor and non-motor Parkinson's disease symptoms using serum lipidomics and machine learning: a 2-year study.

Identifying biological factors which contribute to the clinical progression of heterogeneous motor and non-motor phenotypes in Parkinson's disease may help to better understand the disease process. Several lipid-related genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease have been identified, and the serum lipid signature of Parkinson's disease patients is significantly distinguishable from controls. However, the extent to which lipid profiles are associated with clinical outcomes remains unclear.

External exposome and all-cause mortality in European cohorts: the EXPANSE project.

Background: Many studies reported associations between long-term exposure to environmental factors and mortality; however, little is known on the combined effects of these factors and health. We aimed to evaluate the association between external exposome and all-cause mortality in large administrative and traditional adult cohorts in Europe.

Methods: Data from six administrative cohorts (Catalonia, Greece, Rome, Sweden, Switzerland and the Netherlands, totaling 27,913,545 subjects) and three traditional adult cohorts (CEANS-Sweden, EPIC-NL-the Netherlands, KORA-Germany, totaling 57,653 participants) were included.

Soluble metal porphyrins - Zero-valent zinc system for effective reductive defluorination of branched per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs).

Nano zero-valent metals (nZVMs) have been extensively utilized for decades in the reductive remediation of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated organic compounds, owing to their robust reducing capabilities, simple application, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of information regarding the efficient reductive defluorination of linear or branched per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) using nZVMs as reductants, largely due to the absence of appropriate catalysts. In this work, various soluble porphyrin ligands [[meso‑tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrinato]cobalt(III)]Cl·7HO (CoTCPP), [[meso‑tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato]cobalt(III)]·9HO (CoTPPS), and [[meso‑tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl) porphyrinato]cobalt(II)](I)·4HO (CoTMpyP) have been explored for defluorination of PFASs in the presence of the nZn as reductant.

Disentangling associations between multiple environmental exposures and all-cause mortality: an analysis of European administrative and traditional cohorts.

Background: We evaluated the independent and joint effects of air pollution, land/built environment characteristics, and ambient temperature on all-cause mortality as part of the EXPANSE project.

Methods: We collected data from six administrative cohorts covering Catalonia, Greece, the Netherlands, Rome, Sweden, and Switzerland and three traditional cohorts in Sweden, the Netherlands, and Germany. Participants were linked to spatial exposure estimates derived from hybrid land use regression models and satellite data for: air pollution [fine particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), black carbon (BC), warm season ozone (O)], land/built environment [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), distance to water, impervious surfaces], and ambient temperature (the mean and standard deviation of warm and cool season temperature).

A protective role of ABCA5 in response to elevated sphingomyelin levels in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that affects the motor system. Increasing evidence indicates that lysosomal dysfunction is pivotal in the pathogenesis of PD, typically characterized by dysregulation of sphingolipids in lysosomes. ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 5 (ABCA5) is a lysosomal transporter that mediates the removal of excess sphingomyelin from lysosomes.

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and inflammatory response in the KORA study.

Previous studies consistently showed an association between fine atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular diseases. Concerns about adverse health effects of ultrafine particles (UFP) are growing but long-term studies are still scarce. In this study, we examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and blood biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation, including fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) adiponectin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), measured in the German KORA-S4 cohort study (1999-2001).

Mixtures of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution, built environment and temperature and stroke incidence across Europe.

Introduction: The complex interplay of multiple environmental factors and cardiovascular has scarcely been studied. Within the EXPANSE project, we evaluated the association between long-term exposure to multiple environmental indices and stroke incidence across Europe.

Methods: Participants from three traditional adult cohorts (Germany, Netherlands and Sweden) and four administrative cohorts (Catalonia [region Spain], Rome [city-wide], Greece and Sweden [nationwide]) were followed until incident stroke, death, migration, loss of follow-up or study end.

Adaptation versus plastic responses to temperature, light, and nitrate availability in cultured snow algal strains.

Snow algal blooms are widespread, dominating low temperature, high light, and oligotrophic melting snowpacks. Here, we assessed the photophysiological and cellular stoichiometric responses of snow algal genera Chloromonas spp. and Microglena spp.

PEMT Mediates Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Steatosis, Explains Genotype-Specific Phenotypes and Supports Virus Replication.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) relies on cellular lipid pathways for virus replication and also induces liver steatosis, but the mechanisms involved are not clear. We performed a quantitative lipidomics analysis of virus-infected cells by combining high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and mass spectrometry, using an established HCV cell culture model and subcellular fractionation. Neutral lipid and phospholipids were increased in the HCV-infected cells; in the endoplasmic reticulum there was an ~four-fold increase in free cholesterol and an ~three-fold increase in phosphatidyl choline ( < 0.

Delivery of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin by bispecific antibodies improves treatment in models of high-risk childhood leukemia.

High-risk childhood leukemia has a poor prognosis because of treatment failure and toxic side effects of therapy. Drug encapsulation into liposomal nanocarriers has shown clinical success at improving biodistribution and tolerability of chemotherapy. However, enhancements in drug efficacy have been limited because of a lack of selectivity of the liposomal formulations for the cancer cells.

Human tear metabolites associated with nucleoside-signalling pathways in bacterial keratitis.

Objective: The study aimed to profile and quantify tear metabolites associated with bacterial keratitis using both untargeted and targeted metabolomic platforms.

Methods: Untargeted metabolomic analysis using liquid-chromatography-Q Exactive-HF mass-spectrometry explored tear metabolites significantly associated with bacterial keratitis (n = 6) compared to healthy participants (n = 6). Differential statistics and principal component analysis determined meaningful metabolite differences between cases and controls.

Multiple pathways of lipid dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons and loss of various muscular functions. Dyslipidaemia is prevalent in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with aberrant changes mainly in cholesterol ester and triglyceride. Despite this, little is known about global lipid changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or in relation to disease progression.

Increased unsaturated lipids underlie lipid peroxidation in synucleinopathy brain.

Lipid peroxidation is a process of oxidative degradation of cellular lipids that is increasingly recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. We were therefore interested in the manifestation of lipid peroxidation in synucleinopathies, a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the central pathology of α-synuclein aggregates, including Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease with Lewy bodies. We assessed lipid peroxidation products, lipid aldehydes, in the amygdala, a common disease-affected region in synucleinopathies, and in the visual cortex, a disease-unaffected region.

Assessing the efficacy of albendazole against hookworm in Vietnam using quantitative PCR and sodium nitrate flotation.

Preventive chemotherapy (PC), consisting of the regular distribution of anthelmintics to populations or groups of populations at risk, is the primary tool used to control soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections. This strategy, whilst cost-effective, raises the concern of potential emergence of drug resistance. The efficacy of anthelmintics against STH infections is measured using cure rate (CR) and egg reduction rate (ERR), using microscopy-based techniques such as the Kato-Katz thick smear.

Short-term effects of ultrafine particles on heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

An increasing number of epidemiological studies have examined the association between ultrafine particles (UFP) and imbalanced autonomic control of the heart, a potential mechanism linking particulate matter air pollution to cardiovascular disease. This study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes studies on short-term effects of UFP on autonomic function, as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). We searched PubMed and Web of Science for articles published until June 30, 2022.

Photo-electrochemical oxidation herbicides removal in stormwater: Degradation mechanism and pathway investigation.

Although advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as photoelectrochemical oxidation (PECO), electrochemical oxidation (ECO) and photocatalytic oxidation (PCO), have shown potential for wastewater treatment, their application in urban stormwater has rarely been studied. This paper explored their major degradation mechanisms and possible degradation pathways of herbicides for stormwater applications (with treatment difficulty compared with wastewater). PECO and ECO showed excellent removal performance for diuron (100 %) and moderate for atrazine (around 35 %) under a relatively low potential (2 V).

Sex-specific lipid dysregulation in the knockout mouse brain.

Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects more women than men. The pathomechanism underlying the sex disparity, especially in the brain, is unclear. is one of the strongest susceptibility genes for Alzheimer's disease.